Metabolically healthy general and abdominal obesity are associated with increased risk of hypertension

Abstract

Metabolically healthy obesity refers to a subset of obese people with a normal metabolic profile. We aimed to explore the association between metabolically healthy and obesity status and risk of hypertension among Chinese adults from The Rural Chinese Cohort Study. This prospective cohort study enrolled 9137 Chinese adults without hypertension, type 2 diabetes or treatment for lipid abnormality at baseline (2007–2008) and followed up during 2013–2014. Modified Poisson regression models were used to examine the risk of hypertension by different metabolically healthy and obesity status, estimating relative risks (RR) and 95 % CI. During 6 years of follow-up, we identified 1734 new hypertension cases (721 men). After adjusting for age, sex, smoking and other confounding factors, risk of hypertension was increased with metabolically healthy general obesity (MHGO) defined by BMI (RR 1·75, 95 % CI 1·02, 3·00) and metabolically healthy abdominal obesity (MHAO) defined by waist circumference (RR 1·51, 95 % CI 1·12, 2·04) as compared with metabolically healthy non-obesity. The associations between metabolically healthy and obesity status and hypertension outcome were consistent after stratifying by sex, age, smoking, alcohol drinking and physical activity. Both MHGO and MHAO were associated with increased risk of hypertension. Obesity control programmes should be implemented to prevent or delay the development of hypertension in rural China.

Interaction effect between overweight/obesity and alcohol consumption on hypertension risk in China: a longitudinal study

“…We found that BMI and WC were positively associated with the risk of hypertension, findings that are consistent with those of some (but not all) previous studies 31–33. Some previous studies have not found overweight/obesity to be associated with hypertension,34 35 whereas our study did find positive associations and indicated that high WC had a more significant impact on the risk of hypertension than high BMI.…”

Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão Arterial – 2020

“…3,5,6 Ser "o mais magro possível" dentro da faixa da normalidade do IMC pode ser a melhor sugestão com relação à prevenção primária da HA. 3,5,6,[32][33][34][35][36]…”

Physiological Changes and Pathological Pain Associated with Sedentary Lifestyle-Induced Body Systems Fat Accumulation and Their Modulation by Physical Exercise

“…[13]. The accumulation of abdominal fat is associated with the development of various disorders, such as atherogenic profile, arterial stiffness, elevated fibrinogen levels, hypertension, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, arthritis, irregular menstruation, and gallbladder disorders [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Research shows that physical exercise can reverse part of these obesity-related pathologies by decreasing the availability of free fatty acids and improving the insulin sensitivity of glucose metabolism [29], reducing hypertension [30], decreasing arterial stiffness [31], reducing both fibrinogen and fibrinolytic biomarkers [32], relieving arthritis [33,34], and improving menstrual issues [35].…”