Metabolically associated fatty liver disease – a disease of the 21st century: A review

Маев, И. В.; Andreev, D. N.; Kucheryavy, Yu.A.

doi:10.26442/20751753.2022.5.201532

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Первые описания накопления липидов в гепатоцитах у лиц, потребляющих излишнее количество алкогольных напитков, датируются XIX в., а термин «жирная печень» впервые использован в 1836 г. В 1839 г. предположено, что накопление жира в печени может являться причиной развития цирроза [13]. Через 40 лет отмечена более высокая частота жировой дегенерации печени у пациентов с СД и ожирением [13,14], однако сходство гистопатологических изменений печени у пациентов, злоупотребляющих алкоголем, и у больных с ожирением и/или СД описано гораздо позже -в 1950-1970 гг. [13].…”

Section: эволюция номенклатурыunclassified

“…Через 40 лет отмечена более высокая частота жировой дегенерации печени у пациентов с СД и ожирением [13,14], однако сходство гистопатологических изменений печени у пациентов, злоупотребляющих алкоголем, и у больных с ожирением и/или СД описано гораздо позже -в 1950-1970 гг. [13]. Термины NAFLD и «неалкогольный стеатогепатит (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis -NASH)» для описания прогрессирующей формы жировой болезни печени, гистологически сходной с алкогольным стеатогепатитом, но отмечаемой у пациентов, которые не злоупотребляли алкоголем, предложено использовать в 1980 г.…”

Section: эволюция номенклатурыunclassified

“…Указанные изменения должны были способствовать четкой оценке вклада этиологических факторов в поражении печени (особенности питания, потребление алкоголя, микробиота, генетика, эпигенетика и отдельные метаболические дисбалансы). Возникла необходимость деления пациентов на подгруппы в зависимости от основного фактора патогенеза, что важно для более корректной диагностики и лечения [13,31].…”

Section: эволюция номенклатурыunclassified

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The clinician's view on the advantages and contradictions of the new nomenclature of steatotic liver disease: A review

Pavlov,

Teplyuk,

Lazebnik

et al. 2024

Terapevticheskii arkhiv

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In September 2023, the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) updated the disease nomenclature for non-alcoholic (metabolically associated) fatty liver disease. The goals of the revision were to increase awareness among health care professionals, civil society and patients about the disease, its course, treatment and outcomes; combating stigma; focusing on the initial etiological factor, including the main (cardiometabolic) risk of disease progression; improved diagnosis based on disease biomarkers; positive impact on the potency to search for new drugs; the ability to provide personalized medical care. The terms “non-alcoholic” and “fatty” were considered stigmatizing, and therefore, it was proposed to use the term steatotic liver disease (SLD) as the name of this nosology. The terms non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have been replaced by the term metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). In the case of being combined with an alcohol factor, a diagnosis in which metabolic dysfunction is combined with alcoholic liver disease is referred to as MetALD. The fundamental principle in the diagnosis of MASLD is the presence of at least one of the cardiometabolic risk factors. Alcohol consumption interacts with cardiometabolic risk factors and increases the risk of SLD decompensation. The term nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), according to the new nomenclature, has been replaced by the term metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). The adoption of the new nomenclature should help to increase awareness about the disease, its course and outcomes, as well as improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment.

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Section: эволюция номенклатурыunclassified

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The clinician's view on the advantages and contradictions of the new nomenclature of steatotic liver disease: A review

Pavlov,

Teplyuk,

Lazebnik

et al. 2024

Terapevticheskii arkhiv

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“…Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени (НАЖБП) занимает лидирующее место среди причин диффузных заболеваний печени, причем как в России, так и мире, при этом, отмечается устойчивая тенденцияк росту заболеваемости во всех станах [1]. В настоящее время НАЖБП определяется как хроническое метаболическое заболевание печени, связанное с инсулинорезистентностью, ожирением, дислепидемией, нарушениями углеводного обмена, которое развивается у пациентов, не злоупотребляющих алкоголем, и является больше обобщающим термином, включающим основные формы заболевания: неалкогольный жировой гепатоз, стеатогепатит, исходами которых являются фиброз и цирроз.…”

Section: актуальностьunclassified

Fatty liver disease: heterogeneous phenotype

Khalashte,

Lyalyukova,

Zhachemuk

et al. 2024

ECG

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Relevance. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) holds a leading position among the causes of diffuse liver diseases, both in Russia and globally. Moreover, there is a persistent trend of increasing prevalence, especially among patients with metabolic risk factors. The Purpose of the Study: To assess the frequency of detecting fatty liver disease associated with metabolic syndromes in the Republic of Adygea and elucidate the characteristics of disease phenotypes across different age groups. Materials and methods. At stage I, 412 patients aged 18-89 years (45.4% male, 54.6% female) who visited outpatient clinics of therapeutic profile were examined. The average age of the patients was 57.0 ± 15.1 years. At stage II, the study was continued with patients diagnosed with NAFLD. Inclusion criteria for the study were: age 18 years and older, presence of fatty liver disease associated with metabolic conditions. The study continued with 191 patients diagnosed with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) (42.4% male, 57.6% female). The average age of the patients was 60.0 ± 12.4 years. Exclusion criteria from the study were: acute inflammatory diseases or exacerbation of chronic diseases during the study period, presence of viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune liver diseases, pregnancy, lactation, and use of medications or narcotics. The diagnosis of fatty liver disease was established in accordance with the recommendations of the Scientific Society of Gastroenterologists of Russia (2021) and the Russian Gastroenterological Association (2022). The diagnosis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was based on visual evidence of hepatic fat accumulation (steatosis) obtained through ultrasonography, accompanied by one of the following criteria: excess body weight or obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and/or signs of metabolic changes, defined as the presence of at least two of the following criteria: MS1 - waist circumference (WC) ≥102 cm in men and ≥88 cm in women; MS2 - body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m²; MS3 - prediabetes (impaired fasting glycemia), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index ≥2.5; MS4 - presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); MS5 - blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg or the patient receiving specific pharmacological treatment; MS6 (serum C-reactive protein >2 mg/L); MS7 - presence of dyslipidemia or the patient receiving specific pharmacological treatment. Patients were divided into age groups as follows: 18-44 years - young age (Group I); 45-59 years - middle age (Group II); 60-74 years - elderly age (Group III); 75-89 years - old age (Group IV). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution “Maykop State Technological University, Medical Institute”. Results. The frequency of detection of fatty liver disease associated with metabolic syndromes in the Republic of Adygea, according to population screening data, was 46.4% (n=191). Out of 191 patients with ultrasound-detected evidence of steatosis, one in every fourth patient (25.1%, n=48) had deviations in liver test parameters from the reference values (laboratory signs of steatohepatitis). There were an average of 4.6±1.0 syndromes per patient in the age group 18-44 years. In the age group of 45-59 years, the average was 4.7 ± 1.1 syndromes, in the age group of 60-74 years, it was 5.0 ± 0.9, and in the age group of 75-89 years, it was 4.8 ± 1.0 syndromes, without statistical differences between the groups. In the age group of 18-44 years, the highest proportion was represented by lipid metabolism disorders (77.8%) and impaired glucose tolerance, HOMA-IR >2.5 (38.9%). In the age groups of 45-59 years and 60-74 years, the highest proportion was represented by type 2 diabetes mellitus (80.3% and 98.9%, respectively) and arterial hypertension (83.6% and 91.6%, respectively). In the age group of 75-89 years, the highest proportion was represented by type 2 diabetes mellitus (100%), elevated levels of serum C-reactive protein (58.8%) (indicating systemic inflammation), and chronic kidney disease (100%). The identified associations suggest the presence of specific age-related disease phenotypes, necessitating an appropriate volume of preventive measures and targeted therapy.

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“…Жировая болезнь печени имеет высокую распространенность (24-26%) с тенденцией показателей к росту, как в развитых, так и в развивающихся странах, и в ближайшие годы может стать одной из основных причин трансплантации печени [3].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Eating behavior in patients with metabolically associated fatty liver disease

Khalashte,

Lyalyukova,

Zhachemuk

et al. 2024

jour

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The purpose of this study was to study the phenotypes of eating behavior in patients with NAFLD and their determining factors. Discussion: fatty liver disease has a high prevalence (24-26%) with an upward trend in both developed and developing countries, and in the coming years may become one of the main causes of liver transplantation. The clinical features of the disease are in most cases its asymptomatic course, which can progress to fibrosis/cirrhosis and is associated with the risk of a number of serious extrahepatic diseases (cardiovascular, oncological and others). The mechanisms underlying the formation of increased health risks and disease prognosis are multifactorial. Metabolic disorders, orthorexia nervosa, eating disorders and vegetative effects are considered as possible pathogenetic mechanisms for increasing the risk of NAFLD incidence. Conclusion: the study showed that complex behavioral psycho-social factors are involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, and changing eating behavior is an important component of therapy. Dysfunctional eating behavior can be a barrier to long-term success from therapy.

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Metabolically associated fatty liver disease – a disease of the 21st century: A review

Cited by 11 publications

References 57 publications

The clinician's view on the advantages and contradictions of the new nomenclature of steatotic liver disease: A review

The clinician's view on the advantages and contradictions of the new nomenclature of steatotic liver disease: A review

Fatty liver disease: heterogeneous phenotype

Eating behavior in patients with metabolically associated fatty liver disease

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