Metabolic turnover rate: A physiological meaning of the metabolic rate per unit body weight

Kleiber, Max

doi:10.1016/0022-5193(75)90110-1

Cited by 123 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the majority of these dives (87% <3min in duration) were 1-2min in duration with minimal changes in venous S O2 , presumably due to continued pulmonary gas exchange and transfer of lung O 2 into the blood. We think that maintenance of such gas exchange masks the contribution of venous O 2 to metabolic rate in sea lions just as was proposed in emperor penguins min −1 for a 7min dive; ~43, 32 and 24%, respectively, of the metabolic rate of a sea lion resting at the surface (Hurley and Costa, 2001), and 133, 100 and 73%, respectively, of the allometrically predicted basal metabolic rate for a sea lion of this size (Kleiber, 1975). These contributions to diving metabolic rate do not include O 2 from arterial blood or from the respiratory and muscle O 2 stores.…”

Section: Contribution Of Venous O 2 To Metabolic Ratementioning

confidence: 65%

Insights from venous oxygen profiles: oxygen utilization and management in diving California sea lions

McDonald

Ponganis

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe management and depletion of O 2 stores underlie the aerobic dive capacities of marine mammals. The California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) presumably optimizes O 2 store management during all dives, but approaches its physiological limits during deep dives to greater than 300m depth. Blood O 2 comprises the largest component of total body O 2 stores in adult sea lions. Therefore, we investigated venous blood O 2 depletion during dives of California sea lions during maternal foraging trips to sea by: (1) recording venous partial pressure of O 2 (P O2 ) profiles during dives, (2) characterizing the O 2 -hemoglobin (Hb) dissociation curve of sea lion Hb and (3) converting the P O2 profiles into percent Hb saturation (S O2 ) profiles using the dissociation curve. The O 2 -Hb dissociation curve was typical of other pinnipeds (P 50 =28±2mmHg at pH7.4). In 43% of dives, initial venous S O2 values were greater than 78% (estimated resting venous S O2 ), indicative of arterialization of venous blood. Blood O 2 was far from depleted during routine shallow dives, with minimum venous S O2 values routinely greater than 50%. However, in deep dives greater than 4min in duration, venous S O2 reached minimum values below 5% prior to the end of the dive, but then increased during the last 30-60s of ascent. These deep dive profiles were consistent with transient venous blood O 2 depletion followed by partial restoration of venous O 2 through pulmonary gas exchange and peripheral blood flow during ascent. These differences in venous O 2 profiles between shallow and deep dives of sea lions reflect distinct strategies of O 2 store management and suggest that underlying cardiovascular responses will also differ. Supplementary material available online at

show abstract

Section: Contribution Of Venous O 2 To Metabolic Ratementioning

confidence: 65%

Insights from venous oxygen profiles: oxygen utilization and management in diving California sea lions

McDonald

Ponganis

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Energy expenditure for male and females, respectively, averaged 2.3 and 2.0 times the predicted standard metabolic rate (SMR) as predicted from allometric scaling (Kleiber, 1975), or a 15% higher FMR in males. While juvenile elephant seals spend a significant portion of the haul-out sleeping, they also spend a substantial amount of time swimming, terrestrially locomoting and in agonistic interactions with conspecifics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Sex differences in fuel use and metabolism during development in fasting juvenile northern elephant seals

Kelso

Champagne

Tift

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYMany polygynous, capital breeders exhibit sexual dimorphism with respect to body size and composition. Sexual dimorphism is often facilitated by sex differences in foraging behavior, growth rates and patterns of nutrient deposition during development. In species that undergo extended fasts during development, metabolic strategies for fuel use have the potential to influence future reproductive success by directly impacting somatic growth and acquisition of traits required for successful breeding. We investigated sexual dimorphism associated with metabolic strategies for fasting in developing northern elephant seals. Thirty-one juvenile seals of both sexes were sampled over extended fasts during annual autumn haul-outs. Field metabolic rate (FMR) and the contribution of protein catabolism to energy expenditure were estimated from changes in mass and body composition over 23±5days of fasting (mean ± s.d.). Protein catabolism was assessed directly in a subset of animals based on urea flux at the beginning and end of the fast. Regulatory hormones and blood metabolites measured included growth hormone, cortisol, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, insulin, glucagon, testosterone, estradiol, glucose, urea and -hydroxybutyrate. Males exhibited higher rates of energy expenditure during the fast but spared body protein stores more effectively than females. Rates of protein catabolism and energy expenditure were significantly impacted by hormone levels, which varied between the sexes. These data suggest that sex differences in fuel metabolism and energy expenditure during fasting arise early in juvenile development and may play an important role in the development of adult traits associated with reproductive success.

show abstract

“…However, once accounting for the total dive cycle duration (dive + surface), smaller whales had a lower creak rate (25.2 creak/hour) compared to bigger individuals (28.5 creak/ hour). Smaller animals may have a lower energetic demand: even if the specific metabolic rate slightly decreases for bigger animals (Kleiber, 1975), larger whales would need to catch more prey to meet their energetic requirements, estimated to be equivalent to 3% of their weight in terms of daily intake (Lockyer, 1981).…”

Section: Creak Rates Of Individual Whalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging dives of sperm whales in the north-western Mediterranean Sea

Gannier¹,

Petiau

Dulau³

et al. 2012

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oceanic odontocetes rely on echolocation to forage on pelagic or benthic prey, but their feeding ecology is difficult to study. We studied sperm whale foraging dives during summer in the north-western Mediterranean, using visual and passive acoustic observations. Clicking and creaking activities were recorded during dives of focal whales, at distances ,3000 m using a towed hydrophone and DAT recorder. A total of 52 sperm whales were recorded over at least one full dive cycle. Data were obtained for 156 complete dives in total, including sequences of up to nine consecutive dives. Various dive and environmental variables were entered in multiple linear regression and principal components analysis, as well as estimated mass of whales. Creak rate was 0.80 creak/minute on average, with moderate variance. Bigger whales tended to dive longer at greater depths (as suggested by ascent durations), and emitted more creaks during a dive: 20.2 creaks/dive on average for individuals ,24 tons, compared to 25.6 creaks/dive for animals .24 tons of estimated mass. For individual whales, creak rates did not vary significantly with size (range 0.78 -0.80 creak/minute), but decreased with time of the day, and increased for shorter foraging phases. For different dives, higher creak rates were also observed earlier in the day, and linked to shorter foraging phases and surface durations. Although the exact significance of creak emissions (i.e. foraging attempt or prey capture) is not precisely determined, creak rates may be reliably used to quantify sperm whale foraging when single animal dives can be followed acoustically.

show abstract

Metabolic turnover rate: A physiological meaning of the metabolic rate per unit body weight

Cited by 123 publications

References 6 publications

Insights from venous oxygen profiles: oxygen utilization and management in diving California sea lions

Insights from venous oxygen profiles: oxygen utilization and management in diving California sea lions

Sex differences in fuel use and metabolism during development in fasting juvenile northern elephant seals

Foraging dives of sperm whales in the north-western Mediterranean Sea

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About