Metabolic Transitions and Muscle Metabolic Stability: Effects of Exercise Training

Zoladz, Jerzy A.; Szkutnik, Zbigniew; Grassi, Bruno

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814593-7.00018-9

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…Knowledge concerning the quality of air in a given place might have a pivotal role in planning the duration of time to spend in the open air, as well as for planning the amount and intensity of training for a given person on a certain day. This seems to be especially important since any form of sustained exercise (including physical labor) increases the body’s need for oxygen, which enhances the amount of the air ventilated by the human lungs (for an overview see, e.g., Bowen, Benson & Rossiter, 2019 ; Wasserman et al, 2011 ; Zoladz, Grassi & Szkutnik, 2019 ). For example the minute ventilation ( V E ) which amounts to about 6–8 liters of air for humans at rest, increases to 30–50 liters per minute during exercise of moderate intensity, and exceeds 100 L per minute during strenuous exercise ( Wasserman et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical activity, due to its well documented positive impact on varied systems of the human body (for an overview see, e.g., Kemmler & Von Stengel, 2019 ; Pedersen & Saltin, 2015 ; Wang, Gao & Zucker, 2019 ), is recommended by various respected international organizations, such as the World Health Organization ( WHO, 2010 ), the European Commission ( EC, 2013 ), the Center for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDCP, 2020 ) and the American College of Sports Medicine ( Pate et al, 1995 ), to be practiced regularly by people, regardless of age. However, it should be realized that any form of physical activity increases the amount of air ventilated by the lungs (minute ventilation— V E ), which is a few times higher during exercise even of moderate intensity than when at rest (see e.g., Åstrand & Rodahl, 1986 ; Bowen, Benson & Rossiter, 2019 ; Zoladz, Grassi & Szkutnik, 2019 ). An increase of the V E enhances the inflow of varied PM into the lungs and increases their deposition in the respiratory tract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-cost air pollution monitoring system—an opportunity for reducing the health risk associated with physical activity in polluted air

Nieckarz

Zoladz

2020

PeerJ

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The issue of air pollution by particulate matter (PM) concerns many places in the world. At the same time, many residents undertake physical activity (recreation, rehabilitation, sport) in the open air. Generally, the amount of dust concentration depends on both the place (center or periphery of the city) and the time of day. In the present study we describe the outcome of monitoring of the state of air pollution by particle matter (PM10) in the Kraków agglomeration area in order to show that it can provide information concerning air quality in the area where people practice varied kinds of sports in the open air. The measurements of PM10 have been made by a few stations with identical construction working as one network. The details of the air pollution monitoring system and its data quality verification have been described. The network stations made multipoint observations across the Kraków Metropolitan Area during the year 2017 in eight locations. The locations selected represent a diverse spectrum of terrain conditions in which the Kraków agglomeration community undertakes physical activity. For most months of 2017, the minimum monthly average 4-hour PM10 concentrations were recorded between 10–14 h, regardless of location, whereas the maximum was between 18–22. We also noticed a huge differences in the average monthly value of PM10 in some locations within the Kraków agglomeration—ranging between 4.9–339.0 µg m−3. This indicates that some regions of the city are more suitable for performance of physical activity in the open air than others. In conclusion, we postulate that a low-cost air pollution monitoring system is capable of providing valuable information concerning air quality in a given region, which seems to be of importance also to people who practice varied sports activities in the open air.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-cost air pollution monitoring system—an opportunity for reducing the health risk associated with physical activity in polluted air

Nieckarz

Zoladz

2020

PeerJ

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“…Bouts of high-intensity exercise resulting in profound disturbances of muscle metabolic stability [ 8 , 9 , 10 ] are commonly performed by athletes who specialize in various sports disciplines, e.g., (sprints running, cycling, soccer, tennis etc.) Moreover, within the last decade, sprint interval training has aroused great interest as an alternative to endurance exercise [ 11 , 12 ]; however, its effect on hormonal and energy intake and hunger sensation has not been fully elucidated, and only a few studies are available addressing the effect of a single bout of sprint exercise on these parameters [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Acute Sprint Exercise on Myokines and Food Intake Hormones in Young Healthy Men

Bilski

Mazur-Biały

Surmiak

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Physical exercise is known to influence hormonal mediators of appetite, but the effect of short-term maximal intensity exercise on plasma levels of appetite hormones and cytokines has been little studied. We investigated the effect of a 30 s Wingate Test, followed by a postprandial period, on appetite sensations, food intake, and appetite hormones. Twenty-six physically active young males rated their subjective feelings of hunger, prospective food consumption, and fatigue on visual analogue scales at baseline, after exercise was completed, and during the postprandial period. Blood samples were obtained for the measurement of nesfatin-1, ghrelin, leptin, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), human growth factor (hGH) and cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), irisin and plasma lactate concentrations, at 30 min before exercise, immediately (210 s) after exercise, and 30 min following a meal and at corresponding times in control sedentary males without ad libitum meal intake, respectively. Appetite perceptions and food intake were decreased in response to exercise. Plasma levels of irisin, IL-6, lactate, nesfatin-1 and ghrelin was increased after exercise and then it was returned to postprandial/control period in both groups. A significant rise in plasma insulin, hGH and PP levels after exercise was observed while meal intake potentiated this response. In conclusion, an acute short-term fatiguing exercise can transiently suppress hunger sensations and food intake in humans. We postulate that this physiological response involves exercise-induced alterations in plasma hormones and the release of myokines such as irisin and IL-6, and supports the notion of existence of the skeletal muscle–brain–gut axis. Nevertheless, the detailed relationship between acute exercise releasing myokines, appetite sensations and impairment of this axis leading to several diseases should be further examined.

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“…The results of special fitness tests of athletes studied were similar to those achieved by elite ju-jitsu athletes in previous studies [ 13 ]. When competing at the elite level, the appropriate aerobic capacity is important [ 30 , 49 ]. In this study, the mean VO 2 peak reached the value of 51.83 ± 3.37 mL/kg/min, which is considered a high level [ 8 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Level of Technical and Tactical Skills and Its Relationships with Aerobic Capacity and Special Fitness in Elite Ju-Jitsu Athletes

Ambroży

Rydzik

Spieszny

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: Ju-jitsu training has to be comprehensive in terms of training intensity, developing a wide range of physical fitness and learning multiple technical skills. These requirements result from the specificity of the competition characteristic of the sport form of this martial art. The aim of this study was to evaluate the aerobic capacity and special physical fitness of ju-jitsu athletes at the highest sports performance level and to determine the relationships between special fitness and the indices of technical and tactical skills. Methods: In order to determine the current level of special fitness of the athletes, a set of karate fitness tests were used, namely, the Special Judo Fitness Test and the Kickboxer Special Physical Fitness Test. Furthermore, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was measured using a graded exercise test in a group of 30 sport ju-jitsu athletes at the highest level of sports performance. To evaluate the level of technical and tactical skills, an analysis of recordings of tournament bouts was carried out, and, based on the observations, the indices of effectiveness, efficiency, and activeness of the attack were calculated. Results: Individuals with higher fitness were more active and effective in the attack. The special efficiency indices showed significant correlations with the technical and tactical parameters. Better fighting performance was dependent on the speed of the punches, kicking range, and the results of the special fitness tests. Conclusions: To achieve greater efficiency and effectiveness of sport ju-jitsu, the training process should be based on comprehensive motor development and an optimal level of special fitness.

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Metabolic Transitions and Muscle Metabolic Stability: Effects of Exercise Training

Cited by 15 publications

References 188 publications

Low-cost air pollution monitoring system—an opportunity for reducing the health risk associated with physical activity in polluted air

Low-cost air pollution monitoring system—an opportunity for reducing the health risk associated with physical activity in polluted air

Effect of Acute Sprint Exercise on Myokines and Food Intake Hormones in Young Healthy Men

Evaluation of the Level of Technical and Tactical Skills and Its Relationships with Aerobic Capacity and Special Fitness in Elite Ju-Jitsu Athletes

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