Metabolic Syndrome Pathophysiology and Predisposing Factors

Bovolini, António; Garcia, Juliana; Andrade, Maria Amparo; Duarte, José Alberto

doi:10.1055/a-1263-0898

Cited by 197 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 193 publications

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“…This is now termed "Inflammaging". Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by multiple conditions among the elderly, probably corelated with inflammaging [13][14][15][16]. Possible pathways of inflammaging involve visceral obesity, cellular senescence, NLRP3 (Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, Leucine rich Repeat and Pyrin domain containing 3 ) inflammasome activation and oxidative stress [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation as A Precursor of Atherothrombosis, Diabetes and Early Vascular Aging

Barbu

Popescu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Vascular disease was for a long time considered a disease of the old age, but it is becoming increasingly clear that a cumulus of factors can cause early vascular aging (EVA). Inflammation plays a key role in vascular stiffening and also in other pathologies that induce vascular damage. There is a known and confirmed connection between inflammation and atherosclerosis. However, it has taken a long time to prove the beneficial effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on cardiovascular events. Diabetes can be both a product of inflammation and a cofactor implicated in the progression of vascular disease. When diabetes and inflammation are accompanied by obesity, this ominous trifecta leads to an increased incidence of atherothrombotic events. Research into earlier stages of vascular disease, and documentation of vulnerability to premature vascular disease, might be the key to success in preventing clinical events. Modulation of inflammation, combined with strict control of classical cardiovascular risk factors, seems to be the winning recipe. Identification of population subsets with a successful vascular aging (supernormal vascular aging—SUPERNOVA) pattern could also bring forth novel therapeutic interventions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation as A Precursor of Atherothrombosis, Diabetes and Early Vascular Aging

Barbu

Popescu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…However, besides the many components and clinical implications of MetS, there is no agreement upon clinical definition of MetS. Moreover, the pathophysiology of MetS is not consensual (10), and traditional biomarkers alone do not explain its heterogeneity or the specific risk of associated chronic diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sphingolipid Profiling: A Promising Tool for Stratifying the Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Risk

Berkowitz

Cabrera-Reyes

Salazar

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multicomponent risk condition that reflects the clustering of individual cardiometabolic risk factors related to abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. MetS increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there still is not total clinical consensus about the definition of MetS, and its pathophysiology seems to be heterogeneous. Moreover, it remains unclear whether MetS is a single syndrome or a set of diverse clinical conditions conferring different metabolic and cardiovascular risks. Indeed, traditional biomarkers alone do not explain well such heterogeneity or the risk of associated diseases. There is thus a need to identify additional biomarkers that may contribute to a better understanding of MetS, along with more accurate prognosis of its various chronic disease risks. To fulfill this need, omics technologies may offer new insights into associations between sphingolipids and cardiometabolic diseases. Particularly, ceramides –the most widely studied sphingolipid class– have been shown to play a causative role in both T2DM and CVD. However, the involvement of simple glycosphingolipids remains controversial. This review focuses on the current understanding of MetS heterogeneity and discuss recent findings to address how sphingolipid profiling can be applied to better characterize MetS-associated risks.

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“…Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, including abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and low serum HDL cholesterol, in which insulin resistance, as well as prothrombotic and pro-inflammatory states, play a key role in the aetiopathogenesis. 8 , 9 Metabolic syndrome is a very common condition. In fact, approximately one out of four adult individuals in the United States exhibit this condition, and this proportion is expected to increase in the following years due to the increasing elderly population, sedentarism and unbalanced dietary patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dabigatran in patients with atrial fibrillation after COVID-19 hospitalization: an update of the ANIBAL* protocol

Cerezo-Manchado¹,

Birlanga²,

Romualdo³

et al. 2022

DIC

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COVID-19 increases the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and thrombotic complications, particularly in severe cases, leading to higher mortality rates. Anticoagulation is the cornerstone to reduce thromboembolic risk in patients with AF. Considering the risk of hepatotoxicity in patients with severe COVID-19 as well as the risk of drug–drug interactions, drug-induced hepatotoxicity and bleeding, the ANIBAL protocol was developed to facilitate the anticoagulation approach at discharge after COVID-19 hospitalization. However, since the publication of the original algorithm, relevant changes have occurred. First, treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia has been modified with the use of dexamethasone or remdesivir during the first week in patients that require oxygen therapy, and of dexamethasone and/or tocilizumab or baricitinib during the second week in patients that necessitate supplementary oxygen or with a high inflammation state, respectively. On the other hand, metabolic syndrome is common in patients with AF as well as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, and this could negatively impact the prognosis of patients with COVID-19, including high transaminase levels in patients treated with immunomodulators. The EHRA guidelines update also introduce some interesting changes in drug–drug interaction patterns with the reduction of the level of the interaction with dexamethasone, which is of paramount importance in this clinical context. Considering the new information, the protocol, named ANIBAL II, has been updated. In this new protocol, the anticoagulant of choice in patients with AF after COVID-19 hospitalization is provided according to three scenarios: with/without dexamethasone treatment at discharge and normal hepatic function, transaminases ≤2 times the upper limit of normal, or transaminases >2 times the upper limit of normal.

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Metabolic Syndrome Pathophysiology and Predisposing Factors

Cited by 197 publications

References 193 publications

Inflammation as A Precursor of Atherothrombosis, Diabetes and Early Vascular Aging

Inflammation as A Precursor of Atherothrombosis, Diabetes and Early Vascular Aging

Sphingolipid Profiling: A Promising Tool for Stratifying the Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Risk

Dabigatran in patients with atrial fibrillation after COVID-19 hospitalization: an update of the ANIBAL* protocol

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