Metabolic syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, and risk of cardiovascular disease

Parish, James M.

doi:10.1007/s11325-011-0594-x

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In particular, obesity was not readily perceived as a health-related issue. This finding is interesting as abdominal obesity is a well-established risk factor for heart disease ( 28 ), and specific cutoffs for abdominal obesity in Asian Indians ( 29 ) have been developed to initiate early management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the risk of heart disease among Indian Australians: knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding food practices – a focus group study

Fernandez

Rolley²,

Rajaratnam³

et al. 2015

Food & Nutrition Research

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BackgroundAustralia has a growing number of Asian Indian immigrants. Unfortunately, this population has an increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). Dietary adherence is an important strategy in reducing risk for CHD. This study aimed to gain greater understanding of the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs relating to food practices in Asian Indian Australians.MethodsTwo focus groups with six participants in each were recruited using a convenience sampling technique. Verbatim transcriptions were made and thematic content analysis undertaken.ResultsFour main themes that emerged from the data included: migration as a pervasive factor for diet and health; importance of food in maintaining the social fabric; knowledge and understanding of health and diet; and elements of effective interventions.DiscussionDiet is a complex constructed factor in how people express themselves individually, in families and communities. There are many interconnected factors influencing diet choice that goes beyond culture and religion to include migration and acculturation.ConclusionsFood and associated behaviors are an important aspect of the social fabric. Entrenched and inherent knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and traditions frame individuals’ point of reference around food and recommendations for an optimal diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the risk of heart disease among Indian Australians: knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding food practices – a focus group study

Fernandez

Rolley²,

Rajaratnam³

et al. 2015

Food & Nutrition Research

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“…Obstructive sleep apnea in combination with excessive daytime sleepiness, known as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, affects approximately 6% of adult men and 4% of adult women (Arnardottir et al ., ; Franklin and Lindberg, ). Patients with OSA may present with multiple morbidities, and previous studies show OSA increases the risk of several metabolic disorders (Parish, ). The mechanisms are still not fully understood and cannot be entirely explained by concomitant obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of vitamin D levels and bone turnover markers after CPAP therapy: a randomized sham‐controlled trial

Theorell‐Haglöw

Hoyos

Phillips

et al. 2017

Journal of Sleep Research

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The aim was to investigate whether continuous positive airway pressure treatment could modulate serum vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) and bone turnover markers (collagen-type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide, osteocalcin and N-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen) in secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial. Sixty-five continuous positive airway pressure-naïve male patients with obstructive sleep apnea (age = 49 ± 12 years, apnea-hypopnea index = 39.9 ± 17.7 events h , body mass index = 31.3 ± 5.2 kg m ) were randomized to receive either real (n = 34) or sham (n = 31) continuous positive airway pressure for 12 weeks. At 12 weeks, all participants received real continuous positive airway pressure for an additional 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of continuous positive airway pressure (real versus sham), there were no between-group differences for any of the main outcomes [Δ25-hydroxyvitamin D: -0.80 ± 5.28 ng mL (mean ± SE) versus 3.08 ± 3.66 ng mL , P = 0.42; Δcollagen-type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide: 0.011 ± 0.014 ng mL versus -0.004 ± 0.009 ng mL , P = 0.48; Δosteocalcin: 1.13 ± 1.12 ng mL versus 0.46 ± 0.75 ng mL , P = 0.80; ΔN-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen: 2.07 ± 3.05 μg L versus -1.05 ± 2.13 μg L , P = 0.48]. There were no further differences in subgroup analyses (continuous positive airway pressure-compliant patients, patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea or sleepy patients). However, after 24 weeks irrespective of initial randomization, vitamin D increased in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (9.56 ± 5.51 ng mL , P = 0.045) and in sleepy patients (14.0 ± 4.69 ng mL , P = 0.007). Also, there was a significant increase in osteocalcin at 24 weeks (3.27 ± 1.06 ng mL , P = 0.01) in compliant patients. We conclude that 12 weeks of continuous positive airway pressure did not modulate vitamin D or modulate any of the bone turnover markers compared with sham. However, it is plausible that continuous positive airway pressure may have late beneficial effects on vitamin D levels and bone turnover markers in selected groups of patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

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“…1,2 OSA is associated with endothelial dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disorders. [3][4][5][6][7] Morning blood pressure (BP) surge (MS) is a normal physiological phenomenon; however, extreme MS is a risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular mortality. [8][9][10] Sympathetic activity is suspected to play a role as an underlying mechanism in OSA and MS. 7,[11][12][13] Few studies have evaluated the association between OSA and MS. 14,15 Peripheral arterial tone (PAT) is based on the pulsatile plethysmographic signal that is measured on a finger, which could serve as a single noninvasive substitute for sympathetic activity.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of OSA (apnea±hypopnea index [AHI] ≥5) in adults 30 to 69 years is estimated at 17%, increasing to 23% to 35% in relatively unselected hypertensive populations . OSA is associated with endothelial dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disorders . Morning blood pressure (BP) surge (MS) is a normal physiological phenomenon; however, extreme MS is a risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular mortality …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Watch‐PAT 200 Is Independently Associated With an Increase in Morning Blood Pressure Surge in Never‐Treated Hypertensive Patients

Cho

Ihm

Kim

et al. 2015

J of Clinical Hypertension

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This study aimed to examine the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and morning blood pressure surge in never‐treated patients with essential hypertension. This prospective study included a total of 58 patients (mean age, 51.7 years; 55.2% men) with never‐treated essential hypertension. The patients were divided into non‐OSA (n=23, 49.3±12.7 years) and OSA (n=35, 53.2±9.8 years) groups. The OSA group was defined as having an apnea‐hypopnea index level >5 as measured by the Watch‐PAT 200. The authors collected 24‐hour ambulatory BP, plasma aldosterone concentration, and plasma renin activity data from all of the patients. The measured sleep‐trough morning systolic blood pressure (SBP) increases were higher in the OSA group than in the non‐OSA group (28.7±11.8 mm Hg vs 19.6±12.8 mm Hg, P=.008). The sleep‐trough morning SBP increase was inversely correlated with the lowest oxygen saturation (r=−0.272, P=.039). OSA known to be associated with increased daytime and nocturnal sympathetic activity was associated with significantly higher sleep‐trough morning SBP levels in this study.

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Metabolic syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, and risk of cardiovascular disease

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Reducing the risk of heart disease among Indian Australians: knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding food practices – a focus group study

Reducing the risk of heart disease among Indian Australians: knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding food practices – a focus group study

Changes of vitamin D levels and bone turnover markers after CPAP therapy: a randomized sham‐controlled trial

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Watch‐PAT 200 Is Independently Associated With an Increase in Morning Blood Pressure Surge in Never‐Treated Hypertensive Patients

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