Metabolic Syndrome may be a Risk Factor for Early Carotid Atherosclerosis in Women but not in Men

Kawamoto, Ryuichi; Tomita, Hitomi; Inoue, A.; Ohtsuka, Nobuyuki; Kamitani, Atsushi

doi:10.5551/jat.14.36

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our findings are consistent with the observation of increased carotid IMT in young black and white adults (aged 20 -38 years) with MetS (8), as well as with reports from European populations (9,18,19). Some recent reports (9,12) have suggested a differential effect of MetS on carotid IMT by sex. In this sample, we did not find a substantial difference in the p a t t e r n s o f a s s o c i a t i o n b e t w e e n HOMA-IR or MetS and either carotid IMT or CAC by sex.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Few studies have considered both insulin resistance and MetS simultaneously as predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis; there have been fewer studies assessing these relationships among nonwhite populations (8,10,11). Recent reports (9,12) have suggested a differential effect of MetS by sex. The focus of this article is 1) to evaluate the association between insulin resistance (as estimated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) and subclinical atherosclerosis, 2) to determine whether associations of insulin resistance with subclinical atherosclerosis are independent of clinically defined MetS, and 3) to examine whether differences in these relationships exist by race/ethnicity or by sex.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE—To investigate the association of insulin resistance and clinically defined metabolic syndrome (MetS) with subclinical atherosclerosis and examine whether these relationships vary by race/ethnicity or sex. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by coronary artery calcium (CAC) and carotid intima-medial thickness (IMT) in 5,810 participants without diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, a cohort of adults aged 45–84 years without prior cardiovascular disease (CVD). Fasting insulin and glucose were utilized to estimate insulin resistance by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and the revised National Cholesterol Education Program definition of MetS was utilized. Multivariable linear or relative risk regression was used to analyze the association between HOMA-IR and subclinical atherosclerosis and assess its independence from MetS components. RESULTS—HOMA-IR was associated with increased IMT after adjustment for demographics (age, site, and education), smoking, education, and LDL cholesterol in each ethnic group, except Hispanic subjects, and in both men and women. After further adjusting for nonglucose MetS components, HOMA-IR was not associated with increased IMT. Subjects in the highest quintile of HOMA-IR had an elevated prevalence of CAC in each ethnic group and both sexes, after adjustment for demographics, smoking, and LDL but not after further adjustment for nonglucose MetS components. Among those with detectable CAC, there was no significant relationship between HOMA-IR and the amount of CAC. CONCLUSIONS—Although HOMA-IR was associated with increased subclinical atherosclerosis, the association was not independent of the risk factors that comprise MetS. Determination of HOMA-IR is unlikely to contribute to improved determination of risk of subclinical CVD.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the present study, there was a good correlation between the present criterion and carotid atherosclerosis in women, but in men, our results led to the judgment that inclusion of the waist circumference criterion as an essential condition is in itself of no great significance. This result is consistent with the results of the Suita cohort study and is compatible with the previous cross-sectional study that showed a sex difference in the association between carotid IMT and MetS criteria (30). Although the sex difference in the impact of the serum adiponectin level on MetS is unclear, it may be explained by the difference in its distribution.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Carotid Atherosclerosis: Relevance of Combined Criteria Including the Serum Adiponectin Level for the General Population

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective The association between carotid atherosclerosis and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) was analyzed in the general population. The usefulness of the inclusion of the serum adiponectin concentration in the MetS criteria for the detection of atherosclerosis was also examined. Patients and MethodsThe 825 participants of a comprehensive health checkup who underwent carotid ultrasonography and the measurement of serum adiponectin levels were studied. Results The carotid plaque score (PLS) was significantly higher in the MetS group than in the non-MetS group in women, but not in men. In women, a significantly higher odds ratios was obtained for MetS, in terms of the current waist circumference criterion, and a high PLS (fourth quartile) (OR=2.64, p=0.040). In men, however, a waist circumference of around 85 cm did not reflect high a PLS, and even when the waist circumference criterion was varied, the odds ratio did not increase. When the waist circumference was replaced by hypoadiponectinemia in the current MetS criteria, the odds ratio was significantly increased in men (OR=1.82, p=0.032). Conclusion The current MetS criteria seem appropriate for women. In men, there was no significant evidence for the validity of the inclusion of the waist circumference criterion as an essential component. Incorporating hypoadiponectinemia into the current criteria would be useful for the early detection of atherosclerosis in men.

show abstract

“…[150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159] This relationship to carotid atherosclerosis is strengthened in proportion to the number of components of metabolic syndrome (p<0.001) 160-162 but appears strongest for hypertension. 152,155,156,161,163,164 Abdominal adiposity bears a graded association with the risk of stroke and TIA independent of other vascular disease risk factors. 165 Physical inactivity is a well-documented, modifiable risk factor for stroke, but the risk reduction associated with treatment is unknown.…”

Section: Risk Factor Managementmentioning

confidence: 96%