Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism – A Cohort Study

Abstract

Prior cross-sectional analyses have demonstrated an association between subclinical hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome and selected components. However, the temporal relation between metabolic syndrome and declining thyroid function remains unclear. In a prospective study, an unselected cohort of 66,822 participants with and without metabolic syndrome were followed. A proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for hypothyroidism. Exploratory analyses for the relation between components of metabolic syndrome and declining thyroid function were also undertaken. During an average follow-up of 4.2 years, the incident rates for subclinical hypothyroidism were substantially higher in participants who began the study with metabolic syndrome compared with metabolically normal controls. After controlling for risk factors, patients with metabolic syndrome were at a 21% excess risk of developing subclinical hypothyroidism (adjusted HR 1.21; 95% CI 1.03–1.42). When individual components were analyzed, an increased risk of subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with high blood pressure (1.24; 1.04–1.48) and high serum triglycerides (1.18; 1.00–1.39), with a trend of increasing risk as participants had additional more components. Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at a greater risk for developing subclinical hypothyroidism, while its mechanisms and temporal consequences of this observation remain to be determined.

Subclinical hypothyroidism and anxiety may contribute to metabolic syndrome in Sichuan of China: a hospital-based population study

“…In terms of the physiological function, thyroid hormones have a range of effects on energy homeostasis, lipid and glucose metabolism, and blood pressure, most of which are considered as important components of MetS, so it is reasonable that metabolic alterations could be observed in subjects with SCH [23][24][25] . On the other hand, Chang, C. H. et al also found that Individuals with MetS are at a greater risk for developing SCH, which further verified the association between SCH and MetS, but more exact mechanism needed to be explored 26 .…”

A Study of Thyroid Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Tertiary Care Center

“…Deshmukh V et al 15 , in their study, observed that about 121 out of 432 patients (28%) were diagnosed with Thyroid dysfunction. Similarly, Chang CH et al 16 , in their study, also observed that patients with metabolic syndrome were at (21%) excess risk of developing subclinical hypothyroidism. In our study, among the spectrum of thyroid disorders, Subclinical hypothyroidism was the most commonly observed disorder in both cases (13.3%) and also controls (6.048%) which was similar to that of observed by Jalal MJ et al 19 In cases, only 2% were hyperthyroid, but 4.4% were hypothyroid with only one case (0.4%) of subclinical hyperthyroidism.…”

“…"Functional changes in the thyroid gland may be related to metabolic syndrome with its associated factors which include obesity, insulin resistance (IR), raised blood pressure, lipid and glucose metabolism abnormalities, and cardiovascular dysfunction". 15,16 Since much of the focus is given to major microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetes, the focus on thyroid dysfunction and its effect on various end organs in diabetes have not been studied in detail. There is death of research studies which have reported the relationship between various metabolic parameters and Thyroid dysfunction in subjects with Type 2 DM.…”

Treatment Outcomes of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Patients with Stable Hypothyroidism: A 5-Year Follow-up Retrospective Study

“…As T3 and T4 act in several metabolic pathways, their dysfunction is associated with broad range of metabolic disorders including osteoporosis, hypercholesterolemia, obesity and cardiovascular disease (6)(7)(8). Osteoporosis and increased risk of fracture are common in patients with hypothyroidism (9).…”