Metabolic Syndrome in Urban and Rural Population of Greater Noida National Capital Region of India

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to define its predictors in urban and rural patients presenting to tertiary care hospitals located in Greater Noida district Gautam Budh Nagar, India.Methods: A total of 367 participants recruited in the study, aged 20–55 years, comprising, 290 patients (149 rural and 141 urban) and 77 healthy age, sex-matched controls from the study area. Anthropometric, clinical and laboratory examination information was obtained. MetS was defined as per the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP, ATP III) report.Results: There were significant differences in biochemical and anthropometric measurements between control and patient population (p<0.05). There was a substantial difference in the prevalence of MetS among male and female patient population of urban as well as rural areas. As per NCEP, ATP III criteria, the prevalence of MetS in urban patient population was 21.7% in male and 27.8% in female whereas rural male and female exhibited 13.8% and 18.8% of MetS, respectively. Waist circumference was found as the strongest predictor of MetS among the patient population.Conclusion: Rapid urbanization of the cities is affecting the village life and indicating toward a major burden of diseases associated with MetS. A higher prevalence of MetS in female irrespective of the area of residence needs major health-care policy change. There is an urgent need to address this issue by adopting healthy eating, physical exercise, and weight reduction.

Rural-urban and gender differences in metabolic syndrome in the aging population from southern India: Two parallel, prospective cohort studies

“…A recent large study 32 conducted in the adjoining state of Kerala reported significantly higher prevalence in adult participants living in urban (26%) than in rural areas (22%). Similarly, a study 40 in the national capital region of India reported urban prevalence (NCEP ATP-III) as 21.7% in male participants and 27.8% in female participants, whereas corresponding numbers for rural sites were 13.8% and 18.8%. Kapil et al 27 reported 28.6% prevalence among individuals aged 60 and above from a rural community from a high-altitude region in district of Nainital in northern India, based on the IDF criteria.…”

“…Regarding gender differences, our study revealed that rural women had a significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome than rural men, whereas this gender difference was not significant in the urban population. A considerable number of previous studies from different parts of India, both in urban 32 , 40 , 42 as well as rural 32 , 33 , 40 , 43 settings, have also shown that metabolic syndrome prevalence is higher in female participants than male participants.…”

“…Previous studies in the Indian population 32 , 39 , 40 have pointed to urban Indians having higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome than their rural counterparts. A recent large study 32 conducted in the adjoining state of Kerala reported significantly higher prevalence in adult participants living in urban (26%) than in rural areas (22%).…”