Metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes: comparative prevalence according to two sets of diagnostic criteria in sub-Saharan Africans

Abstract

BackgroundAvailable definition criteria for metabolic syndrome (MS) have similarities and inconsistencies. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MS in a group of Cameroonians with type 2 diabetes, according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria, and to assess the concordance between both criteria, and the implications of combining them.MethodsWe collected clinical and biochemical data for 308 patients with type 2 diabetes (men 157) at the National Obesity Center of the Yaounde Central Hospital, Cameroon. Concordance was assessed with the use of the Kappa statistic.ResultsMean age (standard deviation) was 55.8 (10.5) years and the median duration of diagnosed diabetes (25th–75th percentiles) was 3 years (0.5–5.0), similarly among men and women. The prevalence of MS was 71.7% according to the IDF criteria and 60.4% according to NCEP-ATP III criteria. The prevalence was significantly higher in women than in men independently of the criteria used (both p < 0.001). Overall concordance between both definitions was low to average 0.51 (95% confidence interval: 0.41–0.61). Combining the two sets of criteria marginally improved the yield beyond that provided by the IDF criteria alone in men, but not in the overall population and in women.ConclusionsThe IDF and NCEP-ATP III criteria do not always diagnose the same group of diabetic individuals with MS and combining them merely increases the yield beyond that provided by the IDF definition alone. This study highlights the importance of having a single unifying definition for MS in our setting.

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Diabetes Patients in Central Regional Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana

“…This finding agrees with several studies conducted among type 2 diabetes patients in Sub-Saharan Africa [30,22] and other developing countries [31,32]. The reason behind the higher prevalence in females could be the lower cut-off point for the waist circumference and the higher cut-off point for the HDL cholesterol.…”

“…The prevalence of MetS is 33 (75.0%), 26 (59.1%) and 17 (38.6%) according to the IDF, NCEP ATP III and WHO criteria respectively. This finding is comparable with other studies performed among diabetes patients in Cameroon where the prevalence of MetS was 71.7% and 60.4% according to the IDF and NCEP ATP III criteria respectively [22]. It is estimated that majority of diabetes patients have MetS [23].…”

High prevalence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome in a South African coloured population: Baseline data of a study in Bellville, Cape Town

“…To our knowledge, this is the first population-based report on the prevalence of MetS in the coloured population and is the highest observed among sub-Saharan populations. 8,17 The JIS definition for identifying subjects with MetS has been used in very few studies from Africa. 17 Compared with other sub-Saharan regions that used IDF or ATP III, 8 our study prevalence of MetS was much higher, probably reflecting the high diabetes prevalence in our population.…”

“…6 Studies of MetS in Africa and elsewhere have been hampered by differences in major sets of criteria for defining MetS. 8 Recently, however, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the American Heart Association/ National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) released a consensus definition for MetS (the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) in which abdominal obesity was removed as a prerequisite for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. 9 Consequently, the JIS definition classifies an individual as having MetS if 3 of the following criteria are met: raised blood pressure, elevated triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, central obesity, and hyperglycaemia.…”

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Traders Women Yaounde -Cameroon

“…[10,11] Previous report shows that metabolic syndrome prevalence depends on age, region, urban or rural environment, ethnicity, and the definition of metabolic syndrome used, occupation. [12,13] In Cameroon, available data concerning metabolic syndrome show that it prevalence ranges from the lowest 0.2 % [14] to the highest 60% [15] and limited research is available according occupation. [16] This study aimed to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among trader women of some markets in Yaounde.…”