Metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression

Abstract

Introduction: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have increased risk of metabolic syndrome. The relative contribution of clinical, demographic or biochemical factors to metabolic syndrome in PCOS is not known. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and clinical trial registries. Of 4530 studies reviewed, 59 were included in the systematic review and 27 in the meta-analysis and meta-regression. In good and fair quality studies, women with PCOS had an overall increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio, OR 3.35, 95% confidence interval, CI 2.44, 4.59). Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome occurred in overweight or obese women with PCOS (OR 1.88, 95% 1.16, 3.04) but not in lean women (OR 1.45, 95% CI 0.35, 6.12). In metaregression analyses, the markers of metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria (waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure), BMI, glucose tolerance (2-hr oral glucose tolerance test) and surrogate markers of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) but not markers of reproductive dysfunction (sex hormone binding globulin, testosterone, PCOS phenotypes) contributed significantly to the heterogeneity in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Women with PCOS have increased risk of metabolic syndrome which was associated with obesity and metabolic features but not with indices of hyperandrogenism.

Effects of Stachys sylvatica hydroalcoholic extract on the ovary and hypophysis-gonadal axis in a rat with polycystic ovary syndrome

“…1 Weight difference of animals before and after treatment in the groups (mean ± SEM). ++ P < 0.01 PCO and 100 mg/kg of extract versus control, * P < 0.05, extract versus PCO (2) polycystic ovary [2,4]. Therefore, biochemical markers and ovarian biopsy are usual evidence for PCOS diagnosis.…”

“…It also raises the chances for some health problems, including diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer. This disorder has some physical signs in appearance such as hirsutism (excess facial and body hair), severe acne, and obesity [1,2].…”

Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in women with severe obesity – Effects of a structured weight loss programme

“…Previous studies showed higher prevalence of MetS among women with PCOS in similar age groups, 17,18 ranging from 24% to 62% in women with overweight and obesity. [24][25][26] In two USbased studies, the prevalence of MetS in women with PCOS and BMI > 30 kg/m 2 was found to be 58.6%-61.8%.…”

“…A study from the United States showed that the prevalence of PCOS using the NIH-criteria was only minimally increased with obesity, 12 while a Spanish study showed that the prevalence of PCOS in women with overweight and obesity using the same criteria, was around 25%. 15,16 Women with PCOS, especially those with overweight or obesity, have a higher risk of developing MetS compared with a general population, 17 and this risk increases when using the NIH-diagnostic criteria compared to the Rotterdam consensus or androgen excess and PCOS Society criteria. 14 Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors including obesity or abdominal obesity/increased waist circumference, dyslipidemia, hypertension and insulin resistance that increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.…”

“…14 Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors including obesity or abdominal obesity/increased waist circumference, dyslipidemia, hypertension and insulin resistance that increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. 15,16 Women with PCOS, especially those with overweight or obesity, have a higher risk of developing MetS compared with a general population, 17 and this risk increases when using the NIH-diagnostic criteria compared to the Rotterdam consensus or androgen excess and PCOS Society criteria. 18 Existing data regarding the prevalence of PCOS in women with severe obesity are contradictory; therefore, the primary aim of this study was to study the prevalence of PCOS among women with severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 35.0 kg/m 2 ).…”