Metabolic syndrome in patients with COPD: Causes and pathophysiological consequences

Abstract

Background Decreased physical activity significantly increases the probability of prevalent metabolic syndrome (MetS) with substantial impact on the expected course of COPD. Objective Our research aims to assess the metabolic consequences of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and evaluate the prevalence of MetS and its interrelations with age, sex, comorbidities, drug intake, degree of decreased lung function, nutritional status, physical activity and quality of life. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on a random sample (n = 401) at the Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation of the National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology from March 1, 2019 to March 1, 2020 in Budapest, Hungary. Anthropometric and respiratory function tests and laboratory parameters of all patients were registered. Results MetS occurred in 59.1% of COPD patients with significant gender difference (male: 49.7% female: 67.6%). Concerning BMI, the prevalence of MetS was higher with BMI≥25 kg m−2 (P < 0.0001). Patients with this syndrome had significantly worse FEV1%pred (43 (30–56) vs. 47 (36–61); P = 0.028), lower quality of life (CAT: 26 (21–32) vs. 24.5 (19–29); P = 0.049) and significantly more frequent exacerbations (2 (1–3) vs.1 (0–2); P < 0.05), than patients without MetS. The prevalence of comorbidities were higher in overweight/obese patients (BMI> 25 kg m−2). Conclusions In COPD patients MetS negatively affect respiratory function and quality of life and promotes exacerbations of the disease. MetS is related to nutritional status and the level of systemic inflammation in COPD patients.

Effects of omega-3 supplementation on quality of life, nutritional status, inflammatory parameters, lipid profile, exercise tolerance and inhaled medications in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

“…Eating seafood and oilseeds are highly recommended. The diet of the Hungarian population typically consists of high total fatty acid consumption (over 40%), high saturated fat and low polyunsaturated fat consumption, overweight and especially obesity rates have increased significantly, which is also a major public health problem (43)(44)(45). Dietary guidelines recommend that 20 to 30 percent of daily energy intake should be in the form of fat, mainly PUFAs (46).…”

Nutrition Strategies Promoting Healthy Aging: From Improvement of Cardiovascular and Brain Health to Prevention of Age-Associated Diseases

“…Importantly, both programmed mechanisms of aging and stochastic processes contributing to the genesis aging phenotypes are impacted by nutrition and diets (e.g., caloric restriction confers multifaceted anti-aging effects) [ 93 , 94 ]. There is strong evidence that unhealthy diets (e.g., a high fat diet, Western diets, and methionine-rich diets), because of accelerated cellular aging, exacerbate the development of age-related diseases and shorten lifespan in laboratory animals [ 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 ]. Development of aging phenotypes and the pathogenesis of age-related diseases are also influenced by a heightened state of low-grade sterile systemic inflammation (“inflamm-aging”) [ 105 ].…”

“…Recent findings highlight the association between inflammation and deleterious frailty status in older adults [ 106 , 107 ]. Inadequate diets (e.g., a high fat diet [ 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 ], diabetogenic diets, high methionine diets [ 108 , 109 , 110 ]) are an important contributing factor to this low-grade systemic inflammation, but it is also one of the easiest modifiable interventions for elderly individuals to intervene on the process of aging [ 105 ]. Preclinical studies have developed a wide range of dietary interventions to delay aging and prevent development of age-related diseases in laboratory animals.…”

The Possible Role of Food and Diet in the Quality of Life in Patients with COPD—A State-of-the-Art Review

“…The management of COPD involves a team of specialists, including a pulmonologist, a respiratory rehabilitation expert, a general practitioner, a physiotherapist, a psychologist, as well as a dietitian. Patients with COPD may require a special diet based on their nutritional status or may need dietary adjustments in terms of nutrient composition and/or consistency [ 5 , 6 ]. The initiation of nutritional therapy is often necessary during acute exacerbations of COPD, particularly in undernourished patients [ 7 , 8 ].…”