Metabolic syndrome in men and women with upper or lower types of body fat distribution

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome as a cluster of risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus and its individual components in groups of men and women with primary obesity having different types of fat distribution. The study involved 142 men and 185 women with primary alimentary-constitutional obesity. The study participants were divided into 2 groups depending on waist-to-hip ratio value. Standardized criteria were used to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components among the examined men and women. The ratios of the number of participants with lower or upper type of fat distribution in men and women were 28:114 and 84:101, respectively. Hence the frequency of lower type of fat distribution was 19.7% in men and 45.4% in women (p < 0.000). Men with lower type of body fat distribution as compared to upper type were characterized by a lower prevalence of abdominal obesity (1.9 times), hypertriglyceridemia (1.4 times), low HDL-C (1.6 times), and hypertension (2 times). The frequency of metabolic syndrome in men with lower type of fat distribution was lower by 2.7 times than that of men with upper type of fat distribution. Women with lower type of fat distribution as compared to upper type had a lower prevalence of abdominal obesity (1.2 times), hypertriglyceridemia (1.8 times), low HDL-C (1.2-fold), and hypertension (in 1.5 times). The frequency of metabolic syndrome in women with lower type of fat distribution was lower by 1.9 times than that of women with upper type of fat distribution. Both men and women in the groups with lower type of fat distribution were missing such a component of metabolic syndrome as hyperglycemia i.e. they had the minimal risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Adipokines and a risk for metabolic disturbances in different types of female obesity

“…Нами показано, что АТРЖ и ГТРЖ ассоциированы с различным риском развития метаболического синдрома (МС): частота МС при ГТРЖ у женщин ниже в 1,9 раза, а у мужчин -в 2,7 раза, чем при АТРЖ [16]. И у мужчин, и у женщин в группах с ГТРЖ отсутствовал такой компонент МС, как гипергликемия, т.е.…”

Association of Erectile Dysfunction and Hypogonadism with Metabolic Syndrome in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms of Younger and Older Age Groups

“…We have previously shown that abdominal (upper) obesity has more pronounced negative effects on human health than gynoid (lower) obesity [23], not only in women but also in men. The upper type of fat distribution is associated with intra-abdominal visceral fat accumulation, which plays an important role in the development of diabetes, lipid disorder, hypertension and atherosclerosis [24].…”

Bright light enhances the efficiency of physical activity in combination with a restrictive diet

“…The effectiveness of bright light in the treatment of obesity in men needs further investigation. Gender differences probably would be determined not so much the severity of obesity, but the specialty of the fat depots topography, which have significant differences in men and women [58].…”