Metabolic Syndrome in Iranian Youths: A Population-Based Study on Junior and High Schools Students in Rural and Urban Areas

Ahmadi, Alireza; Gharipour, Mojgan; Nouri, Fatemeh; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal

doi:10.1155/2013/738485

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It is important to note that in our study despite the positive association between the MHO phenotype and adult MetS in boys, the strength of association was weaker than that of the MUNW one (1•71 v. 2•52), highlighting the importance of metabolic abnormalities compared with BMI in predicting adult MetS. In the present study, the IR (per 10 000 person-years) of the MetS was found to be significantly lower in girls compared with boys (39•7 v. 210•1 per 10 000 person-years), similar to the previously reported findings (29,30) . This lower prevalence might be due to easier access of boys to junk food and eating more out of home.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Association between obesity phenotypes in adolescents and adult metabolic syndrome: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

et al. 2019

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Obesity phenotypes can be regarded as an indicator of CVD risk factors. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of adolescents with different obesity phenotypes and the role of obesity phenotypes in prediction of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults. For this population-based cohort study, 2159 adolescents aged 11–18 years were included. Subjects were divided into four obesity phenotype groups: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Cox proportional hazard modelling was used to estimate the incidence of the MetS in adults after a median follow-up of 11·3 years. The incidence rate of the MetS in early adulthood was 111·6 (95 % CI 98·7, 126·3) per 10 000 person-years, with higher values in boys (210·1 (95 % CI 183·0, 241·3)), compared with girls (39·7 (95 % CI 30·2, 52·1)). In the age- and adult BMI-adjusted model, the hazard ratio of the MetS in adulthood for boys was 3·33 (95 % CI 2·08, 5·32) among MUO phenotype followed less than 6 years, 1·71 (95 % CI 1·01, 2·90) among MHO, and 2·52 (95 % CI 1·72, 3·68) among MUNW. All associations were attenuated in girls except for MUO phenotype followed less than 6 years (5·72 (95 % CI 2·14, 15·3)). In conclusion, MUNW and MHO phenotypes in boys, but not in girls, and MUO phenotype in both sexes with less than 6 years of follow-up increased the risk of adult MetS compared with MHNW. It seems that lack of obesity at least in boys does not protect them from MetS development in adulthood.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Association between obesity phenotypes in adolescents and adult metabolic syndrome: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

et al. 2019

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“…Seventy six articles were included in the nal analysis in this meta-analysis. Twenty ve studies were excluded due to the following exclusion criteria: different study population [109][110][111][112][113], no full test [114][115][116][117], unclear diagnostic criteria [118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125], letter to editor [126], written in non English language [127,128], and different study design [129][130][131][132][133] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Selection Of Eligible Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Syndrome Among Children and Adolescents in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Bitew

Alemu

Ayele

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors, which is raising the low and middle income countries (LMICs). There are various studies with inconsistent findings, but they are inconclusive for policy makers and program planners. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at estimating the pooled prevalence of MetS and its components in LMICs. Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in international databases including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE (Elsevier), Scopus, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Science direct (Elsevier), Food Science and Technology Abstracts (FSTA), Global Health and Medline, and other sources (World Cat, Google Scholar, and Google). The pooled estimates were computed in the random effect model. The pooled prevalence was computed using the three diagnostic methods (IDF, ATP III and de Ferranti). Publication bias was verified using funnel plot and Egger’s regression test. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were performed to identify the possible sources of heterogeneity among the included studies. Result: In this study, 142,142 children and adolescents from 76 eligible articles were included to compute the pooled prevalence of MetS and its components in LMCIs. MeTs among the overweight and obese population was computed from 20 articles with the pooled prevalence of 24.09%, 36.5%, and 56.32% in IDF, ATP III and de Ferranti criteria, respectively. Similarly, a total of 56 articles were eligible to compute the pooled prevalence of MetS in the general population of children and adolescents. Hence, Mets was found in 3.98% (IDF), 6.71% (ATP III) and 8.91% (de Ferranti) of study subjects. Regarding the components of MetS, abdominal obesity was the major component in overweight and obese population and low HDL-C was the most common component in the general population. This study also revealed that males were highly affected by MetS than females. Conclusion: This study illustrates that MetS among children and adolescents is an emerging public health challenge in LMICs, where the prevalence of obesity is on the move. Preventive strategies such as community and school based intervention need to be designed. Promoting physical activities and healthy eating behaviors could avert this problem.

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“…[16] Moreover, some regional studies investigated the prevalence of pediatric MetS by using different diagnostic criteria. [171819202122232425262728]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iranian children and adolescents

et al. 2016

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Background:Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, is one of the most common metabolic disorders, which lead to many chronic diseases. The link between childhood MetS and occurrence of atherosclerosis and its sequels in adulthood is well documented. This study aims to systematically review the prevalence of MetS among Iranian children and adolescents.Materials and Methods:An electronic search was conducted on studies published from January 1990 to January 2015. The main international electronic data sources were PubMed and the NLM Gateway (for MEDLINE), Institute of Scientific Information (ISI), and SCOPUS. For Persian databases, we used domestic databases. We included all available population-based studies and national surveys conducted in the pediatric age group aged 3–21-year-old.Results:In this review, 2138 articles were identified (PubMed: 265; SCOPUS: 368; ISI: 465; Scientific Information Database: 189; IranMedex: 851; Irandoc: 46). After quality assessment, 13 qualified articles were evaluated. The number of total population and points of data were 24,772 and 125, respectively. Regarding the geographical distribution, we found 2 national, 6 provincial, and 5 district level points of data. The prevalence range of MetS among children was 1–22% using different definitions. Reported range of pediatric MetS defined by different criteria was as follows: National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III; 3–16%, International Diabetes Federation; 0–8%, American Heart Association; 4–9.5%, The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III; 1–18%, de Ferranti; 0–22%.Conclusion:MetS is a common metabolic disorder among Iranian children and adolescents, with increasing trends during the last decades. This finding provides baseline useful information for health policy makers to implement evidence based-health promotion for appropriate controlling of this growing health problem for the pediatric population.

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Metabolic Syndrome in Iranian Youths: A Population-Based Study on Junior and High Schools Students in Rural and Urban Areas

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Association between obesity phenotypes in adolescents and adult metabolic syndrome: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Association between obesity phenotypes in adolescents and adult metabolic syndrome: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Metabolic Syndrome Among Children and Adolescents in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

A systematic review on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iranian children and adolescents

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