Metabolic syndrome in indigenous communities in Mexico: a descriptive and cross-sectional study

Mendoza-Caamal, Elvia; Barajas‐Olmos, Francisco; Garcia‐Ortíz, Humberto; Cicerón-Arellano, Isabel; Martínez‐Hernández, Angélica; Córdova, Emilio J.; Esparza-Aguilar, Marcelino; Contreras-Cubas, Cecilia; Centeno-Cruz, Federico; Cid-Soto, Miguel A.; Morales-Marín, Mirna Edith; Reséndiz-Rodríguez, Adriana; Jiménez-Ruíz, Juan Luis; Salas-Martínez, M; Saldaña-Álvarez, Yolanda; Mirzaeicheshmeh, Elaheh; Rojas, Rosalba; Orozco, Lorena

doi:10.1186/s12889-020-8378-5

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…The MetS prevalence found in this study was higher than that reported in other studies of health-care workers (29.5–40%) [ 3 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. However, it was similar to the prevalence observed in the general population of Mexican-Amerindians (50.3%) [ 50 ]. Discrepancies between the overall prevalence of MetS in this study and in the above-mentioned studies may be attributable to the fact that most of the subjects in this study were older than 40 years old and presented high obesity rates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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The Variant rs1784042 of the SIDT2 Gene is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome through Low HDL-c Levels in a Mexican Population

León-Reyes

Rivera‐Paredez

Fernández-López

et al. 2020

Genes

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The Mexican population has one of the highest prevalences of metabolic syndrome (MetS) worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with MetS and its components. First, we performed a pilot Genome-wide association study (GWAS) scan on a sub-sample derived from the Health Workers Cohort Study (HWCS) (n = 411). Based on GWAS results, we selected the rs1784042 and rs17120425 SNPs in the SIDT1 transmembrane family member 2 (SIDT2) gene for replication in the entire cohort (n = 1963), using predesigned TaqMan assays. We observed a prevalence of MetS in the HWCS of 52.6%. The minor allele frequency for the variant rs17120425 was 10% and 29% for the rs1784042. The SNP rs1784042 showed an overall association with MetS (OR = 0.82, p = 0.01) and with low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) (odds ratio (OR) = 0.77, p = 0.001). The SNP rs17120425 had a significant association with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in the overall population (OR = 1.39, p = 0.033). Our results suggest an association of the rs1784042 and rs17120425 variants with MetS, through different mechanisms in the Mexican population. Further studies in larger samples and other populations are required to validate these findings and the relevance of these SNPs in MetS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…However, more studies are needed to elucidate the function of this gene and its impact on MetS and its mainly component HDL-c in the Mexican population. The Mexican population has one of the highest rates of low HDL-c levels and prevalences of MetS worldwide [ 3 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Variant rs1784042 of the SIDT2 Gene is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome through Low HDL-c Levels in a Mexican Population

León-Reyes

Rivera‐Paredez

Fernández-López

et al. 2020

Genes

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“…(1,2,4,5,(9)(10)(11) Overall, Mexicans have a high burden of chronic diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and chronic kidney disease, although the prevalence of some of these diseases seems to be higher among Indigenous peoples. (13)(14)(15)(16)(17) Our results show that a higher proportion of Indigenous peoples in almost all age groups, in both genders, and with comorbidities died in our sample, which suggests access to care and the quality of care might play a role on the impact of COVID-19 among Indigenous peoples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality in Mexico: a cross-sectional study based on national data

Ibarra-Nava

Flores-Rodriguez

Ruiz-Herrera

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objectives: To analyze the mortality associated with ethnicity, particularly of Indigenous peoples, in a large sample of patients with COVID-19 in Mexico. Design: National, cross-sectional study. Setting: Mexico. Participants: 416546 adult patients; 4178 Indigenous peoples with COVID-19 were the primary population under study. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was mortality from COVID-19 up to August 3rd, 2020. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios while adjusting for confounders. Results: Among all patients with COVID-19, whether hospitalized or not, a higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died compared to non-Indigenous people (16.5% vs 11.1%, respectively). Among hospitalized patients, a higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died (37.1%) compared to non-Indigenous peoples (36.3%). Deaths outside the hospital were also higher among Indigenous peoples (3.7% vs 1.7%). A higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died in both the private and public health care sectors. The adjusted odds ratio for COVID-19 mortality among Indigenous peoples with COVID-19 was 1.13 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.24). The adjusted odds ratio for COVID-19 mortality among Indigenous peoples with COVID-19 was higher among those who received only ambulatory care (1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.24 to 1.92). Conclusions: In the large sample of patients with COVID-19, the findings suggest that Indigenous peoples in Mexico have a higher risk of death from COVID-19, especially outside the hospital. These findings suggest Indigenous peoples lack access to care more so than non-Indigenous people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. More research is needed regarding the impact of the COVID-19 among racial and ethnic minorities in Mexico.

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“…Similar to previous studies, we found that age, gender, and the presence of comorbidities are important predictors of death among patients with COVID-19 [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 9 – 11 ]. Overall, Mexicans have a high burden of chronic diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and chronic kidney disease, although the prevalence of some of these diseases seems to be higher among Indigenous peoples [ 14 – 18 ]. Our results show that a higher proportion of Indigenous peoples in almost all age groups, in both genders, and with comorbidities died in our sample, which suggests access to care and the quality of care might play a role on the impact of COVID-19 among Indigenous peoples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality in Mexico: A cross-sectional study based on national data

et al. 2021

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Introduction Across the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minorities. How ethnicity affects Indigenous peoples in Mexico is unclear. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the mortality associated with ethnicity, particularly of Indigenous peoples, in a large sample of patients with COVID-19 in Mexico. Methods We used open access data from the Mexican Ministry of Health, which includes data of all confirmed COVID-19 cases in the country. We used descriptive statistics to compare differences among different groups of patients. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios while adjusting for confounders. Results From February 28 to August 3, 2020, a total of 416546 adult patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. Among these, 4178 were Indigenous peoples. Among all patients with COVID-19, whether hospitalized or not, a higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died compared to non-Indigenous people (16.5% vs 11.1%, respectively). Among hospitalized patients, a higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died (37.1%) compared to non-Indigenous peoples (36.3%). Deaths outside the hospital were also higher among Indigenous peoples (3.7% vs 1.7%). A higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died in both the private and public health care sectors. The adjusted odds ratio for COVID-19 mortality among Indigenous peoples with COVID-19 was 1.13 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.24). The adjusted odds ratio for COVID-19 mortality among Indigenous peoples with COVID-19 was higher among those who received only ambulatory care (1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.24 to 1.92). Discussion In this large sample of patients with COVID-19, the findings suggest that Indigenous peoples in Mexico have a higher risk of death from COVID-19, especially outside the hospital. These findings suggest Indigenous peoples lack access to care more so than non-Indigenous people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico.

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Metabolic syndrome in indigenous communities in Mexico: a descriptive and cross-sectional study

Cited by 37 publications

References 36 publications

The Variant rs1784042 of the SIDT2 Gene is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome through Low HDL-c Levels in a Mexican Population

The Variant rs1784042 of the SIDT2 Gene is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome through Low HDL-c Levels in a Mexican Population

Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality in Mexico: a cross-sectional study based on national data

Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality in Mexico: A cross-sectional study based on national data

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