Metabolic syndrome and menopause

Abstract

BackgroundThe metabolic syndrome is defined as an assemblage of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and menopause is associated with an increase in metabolic syndrome prevalence. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among postmenopausal women in Tehran, Iran.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study in menopause clinic in Tehran, 118 postmenopausal women were investigated. We used the adult treatment panel 3 (ATP3) criteria to classify subjects as having metabolic syndrome.ResultsTotal prevalence of metabolic syndrome among our subjects was 30.1%. Waist circumference, HDL-cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, diastolic blood pressure ,Systolic blood pressure, and triglyceride were significantly higher among women with metabolic syndrome (P-value<0.05). Our study shows high abdominal obesity and hypertension are the most prevalent components of metabolic syndrome. 15%, 13.3% and 1.8% of subjects had three, four and five criteria for metabolic syndrome, respectively. There was a significant relationship between number of components of metabolic syndrome and waist circumference.ConclusionsOur study shows that postmenopausal status is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, to prevent cardiovascular disease there is a need to evaluate metabolic syndrome and its components from the time of the menopause.

Evolución del síndrome metabólico y de sus componentes en un seguimiento de 10 años en adultos de la Región de Valparaíso

“…Esto se ha descrito especialmente en mujeres, en la menopausia 18,19 . En nuestro estudio, las cifras de SM aumentaron en forma marcada, a pesar de que las personas estudiadas están lejos de la tercera edad.…”

Metabolic Syndrome: Can We Keep Check?

“…It was seen in our study that 46.8 % of women with MetS had three factors (most common being low HDL level followed by increased WC and increased triglyceride), 23.8 % had four (most common being low HDL then WC, increased triglyceride, and hypertension), and 5.4 % had all five MetS components (Table 4). On the other hand, the studies done in Brazil [11] and Tehran [19] found 73.2, 19.6, 7.1, and 15, 13.3, 1.8 % had three, four, and five criteria for MetS, respectively. Results of our study demonstrated that WC and low HDL cholesterol being more common but not significant still resulted in MetS more in postmenopausal women in comparison with premenopausal women owing to the significant increase in other risk factors of MetS.…”

Metabolic syndrome and serum ferritin level in postmenopausal women in urban cities in Enugu State, Nigeria

“…Although WHR and BMI were relatively high in this study, they were not as sensitive as WC in detecting central obesity. [17][18][19] However, BMI may be more specific in identifying individual with MS as greater percentage of subjects with high BMI had MS. Increase in intra-abdominal fat is a common disorder associated with women in their menopausal stage and occurs in approximately 65% of all women. 20 This is as a result of cellular changes that include increased lipoprotein lipase activity and decreased lipolysis those results from oestrogen deficiency and increased androgenicity.…”

“…The research conducted among postmenopausal women in US and Korea reported a significantly higher level of ferritin among those with MS and demonstrated that ferritin level may predict MS. 8,32 The prevalence of MS (29%) recorded in this study is low compared to 31%, 31%, 32.6%, 33.7%, 41.5%, and 54.6% reported among POWM in Iran, Canada, China, Austria and Korea respectively. 18,[33][34][35][36] Decreasing oestrogen level and alteration of its ratio with testosterone has been implicated as a causal factor for the emergence of MS at menopausal transition. 37 This results to preferential increase in intra-abdominal fat and atherogenic lipoprotein-lipid profile (low level of HDLC and high TAG) and these were very high risk for MS and consequently, type 2 diabetes, premature aging, cardiovascular diseases and some forms of cancer.…”