Metabolic Syndrome and Its Individual Components among Jordanian Children and Adolescents

Khader, Yousef; Batieha, Anwar; Jaddou, Hashim; El‐Khateeb, Mohammed; Ajlouni, Kamel

doi:10.1155/2010/316170

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Body weight (kg), height (cm) and waist circumference (cm) were measured for all subjects as previously described (20). BMI was determined for all subjects according to the formula: BMI = body weight (kg)/height (m 2 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble cluster of differentiation 36 concentrations are not associated with cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged subjects

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is involved in the development of atherosclerosis by enhancing macrophage endocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoproteins and foam cell formation. Soluble CD36 (sCD36) was found to be elevated in type 2 diabetic patients and possibly acted as a marker of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. In young subjects, sCD36 was associated with cardiovascular risk factors including obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. The present study was conducted to further investigate the association between plasma sCD36 and cardiovascular risk factors among middle-aged patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and healthy controls. sCD36 concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for 41 patients with MetS and 36 healthy controls. Data for other variables were obtained from patient medical records. sCD36 concentrations were relatively low compared to the majority of other studies and were not significantly different between the MetS group and controls (P=0.17). sCD36 was also not correlated with age, body mass index, glucose, lipid profile, serum electrolytes and blood counts. sCD36 was not significantly different between subjects with obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension or cardiovascular disease, and those without these abnormalities (P>0.05). The inconsistency between results reported in the present study and other studies may be unique to the study population or be a result of the lack of a reliable standardized method for determining absolute sCD36 concentrations. However, further investigations are required to assess CD36 tissue expression in the study population and to assess the accuracy of various commercially available sCD36 ELISA kits. Thus, the availability of a standardized simple sCD36 ELISA that could be performed in any basic laboratory would be more favorable to the specialized flow cytometry methods that detect CD36 + microparticles if it was to be used as a biomarker. IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the principal cause of fatalities among older adults worldwide (1). Advanced age, male gender and family history of CVD are considered as non-modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (2). Alternatively, modifiable risk factors for CVD include obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, diabetes mellitus (DM), smoking and a sedentary lifestyle (3). To best identify the subjects at an increased risk of CVD, the term 'Metabolic Syndrome' (MetS) emerged to describe a cluster of the modifiable risk factors that they can predict the occurrence of CVD when they exist together (4). However, subjects are diagnosed with MetS when they fulfill certain criteria that were defined by several health organizations (5-8).Certain subjects may develop CVD without having numerous cardiovascular risk factors (9). Khot et al (10) have shown that at least one of the four traditional risk factors (smoking, DM, hyperlipidemia and hypertension) was found in ~80% of thei...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble cluster of differentiation 36 concentrations are not associated with cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged subjects

et al. 2016

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“…Details of the study design are reported elsewhere [23,24]. Briefly, a complex multistage sampling technique was used to select the households, taking into consideration the geographic distribution of the population as well as the urban-rural residence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression is associated with low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D among Jordanian adults: results from a national population survey

Jaddou

Batieha

Khader

et al. 2011

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Although low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) have been associated with depression in clinical settings, this link in community-dwelling individuals is inconclusive. The present study aimed at examining the association between serum 25(OH)D and PTH levels and the presence of depression in a national population-based household sample of 4,002 Jordanian participants aged ≥25 years. The DASS21 depression scale was used to screen for depression, and serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and PTH were measured by radioimmunoassay. Multiple logistic regression models were used to explore the association between serum 25(OH)D and PTH levels and depression. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) decreased linearly with increasing quartiles of serum 25(OH)D (P(trend) = 0.00). The OR for having depression was significantly higher among individuals in the first and second quartiles (OR = 1.4, 1.23, respectively) than among those in the fourth quartile (P values = 0.00 and 0.03, respectively). This relationship remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, marital status, education, BMI, serum creatinine, number of chronic diseases (OR = 1.39 and 1.21 and P values = 0.00 and 0.05, respectively) and after further adjustment for exercise, altitude, and smoking (OR = 1.48 and 1.24, respectively, and P values = 0.00 and 0.03, respectively). No significant association was found between serum PTH levels and depression. The decrease in risk of depression among participants started to be significant with serum 25(OH) D levels higher than 42.3 ng/ml (lower limit of the range of the third quartile). This value may help pinpoint the desirable level of serum 25(OH)D to be attained to help aid the prevention and treatment of depression.

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“…In the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) population study, high normal or frank hypertension was noted in greater than 80% of studied individuals who met the CMS criteria. Less common was visceral obesity, lipid abnormalities, and impaired fasting glucose [41].…”

Section: Cardio Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors and Associated Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypertension is defined as Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mm Hg or Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mm Hg [41]. In the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) population study, high normal or frank hypertension was noted in greater than 80% of studied individuals who met the CMS criteria.…”

Section: Cardio Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors and Associated Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardio Metabolic Syndrome: A Global Epidemic

Kelli¹,

Kassas²,

Lattouf

2016

J Diabetes Metab

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Cardio Metabolic Syndrome (CMS), also known as insulin resistance syndrome or metabolic syndrome X, is a combination of metabolic disorders or risk factors that essentially includes a combination of diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, central obesity and hyper-lipidemia. Common to these diseases of metabolism is the associated development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Studies have shown a strong link between CMS and increased prevalence of peripheral vascular diseases, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarctions as well as cerebro-vascular arterial diseases and stroke.

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Metabolic Syndrome and Its Individual Components among Jordanian Children and Adolescents

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Soluble cluster of differentiation 36 concentrations are not associated with cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged subjects

Soluble cluster of differentiation 36 concentrations are not associated with cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged subjects

Depression is associated with low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D among Jordanian adults: results from a national population survey

Cardio Metabolic Syndrome: A Global Epidemic

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