Metabolic Syndrome and its Association with Healthy Eating Index-2005 in Adolescents: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Abstract

One of the major epidemiologic public health problems is worldwide metabolic syndrome (MetS). Since the relationship between diet quality and MetS among adolescents in developing countries has not been well understood, the present study aimed to evaluate the association between diet quality, as measured by Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2005) and the prevalence of MetS and its risk factors in a group of Tehranian adolescents. This crosssectional study was conducted on 706 adolescents, aged 10-19 years, within the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study in 2008-2011. Usual dietary intakes were assessed by valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and diet quality score was obtained based on HEI-2005. MetS was determined using the modified de Ferranti definition. There were 706 adolescents, aged 14.8±2.7 years. The overall prevalence of MetS in adolescents was 22.4%. Large waist circumference was the most common component of MetS in both girls and boys. After adjusting for age, sex, energy intake and physical activity, participants who were in the highest quartile of HEI-2005 compared with lowest quartile had lower prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 0.62; CI 95%: 0.40-0.96 and P for trend= 0.02), and low serum HDL-C (OR: 0.62; CI 95%: 0.41-0.97 and P for trend= 0.02). No significant difference was observed in odds of MetS, large waist circumference, hyperglycemia and hypertension. Adolescents with dietary pattern more consistent with the HEI-2005, had lower prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and low serum HDL-C.

Diets Rich in Fruits and Vegetables Are Associated with Lower Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adolescents

“…Many of the relationships between diet and CVD risk factors (including BP and lipids) identified in this study reflect those found in previous research in adolescents [ 42 , 44 , 81 , 82 ]. For instance, a variety of aspects of the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet were associated with lower SBP and DBP in this study: greater intake of total vegetables is associated with lower SBP, and greater intakes of whole fruit and greens and beans are related to DBP.…”

“…This research adds to a limited body of evidence connecting diet to both dyslipidemia and HTN at a young age. Notably, the protective effects of many aspects of diet, particularly whole plant foods, are more consistently connected to BP and blood lipids than the negative impacts of other aspects of diet [ 42 , 44 , 81 , 82 ]. However, this research reflects the potential positive impact of greater intake of whole plant foods, particularly vegetables, fruits, and legumes on CVD risk reduction at a young age, as well as the negative impact of sweetened beverages and refined carbohydrates on CVD risk.…”

Nutrition and Diabetes, Cardiovascular and Chronic Kidney Diseases: Findings from 20 Years of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

“…An inverse significant association was observed between magnesium intakes and FBG concentrations (β = -0.08, 95% CI = -0.76, -0.017) (36). FBG or odds of FBG ≥ 100 mg/dL was not significantly associated with fructose intake (37), phytochemical index (38), glycemic index and glycemic load (39), or HEI-2005 (40). Higher adherence of LCD was not associated with higher odds of elevated blood glucose levels after 3.6 years follow-up in children and adolescents, aged 6-19 (41).…”

Dietary Fat Intake and Its Relationship with Serum Lipid Profiles in Tehranian Adolescents

“…As shown in the past studies, prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing in Iranian adolescents (prevalence of large waist circumference has increased from 12.2% in 1999-2001 to 51.8% in 2008-2011) [25,26]. This indicated that during nutrition transition incorrect eating habits have lead to increased energy intake more than the amount of required and thus overweight and obesity.…”