Metabolic Syndrome and Breast Cancer in the Me-Can (Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer) Project

High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) may influence the proliferation of breast tumor cells, but it is unclear whether low HDL-C levels, alone or in combination with cyclic estrogen and progesterone, are associated with mammographic density, a strong predictor of breast cancer development. Fasting morning serum concentrations of HDL-C were assessed in 202 premenopausal women, 25 to 35 years of age, participating in the Norwegian Energy Balance and Breast Cancer Aspects (EBBA) I study. Estrogen and progesterone were measured both in serum, and daily in saliva, throughout an entire menstrual cycle. Absolute and percent mammographic density was assessed by a computer-assisted method (Madena), from digitized mammograms (days 7-12). Multivariable models were used to study the associations between HDL-C, estrogen and progesterone, and mammographic density phenotypes. We observed a positive association between HDL-C and percent mammographic density after adjustments (P ¼ 0.030). When combining HDL-C, estradiol, and progesterone, we observed among women with low HDL-C (<1.39 mmol/L), a linear association between salivary 17b-estradiol, progesterone, and percent and absolute mammographic density. Furthermore, in women with low HDL-C, each one SD increase of salivary mid-menstrual 17b-estradiol was associated with an OR of 4.12 (95% confidence intervals; CI, 1.30-13.0) of having abovemedian percent (28.5%), and an OR of 2.5 (95% CI, 1.13-5.50) of having above-median absolute mammographic density (32.4 cm 2 ). On the basis of plausible biologic mechanisms linking HDL-C to breast cancer development, our findings suggest a role of HDL-C, alone or in combination with estrogen, in breast cancer development. However, our small hypothesis generating study requires confirmation in larger studies.Cancer Prev Res; 8(6); 535-44. Ó2015 AACR.

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“…The Madena software calculated the size of this dense area in cm 2 . Absolute mammographic density represented the number of the tinted pixels.…”

Section: Assessment Of Mammographic Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1), although the findings are somewhat contradictory (2,3). Low levels of HDL-C, which transport and store cholesterol (4), have been associated with low-grade inflammation and proinflammatory cytokines (5-7), which may stimulate breast cell proliferation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol, Daily Estradiol and Progesterone, and Mammographic Density Phenotypes in Premenopausal Women

Flote

Frydenberg

Ursin

et al. 2015

Cancer Prevention Research

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“…Obesity may increase breast cancer risk through a number of different mechanisms including insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome, increased production of sex hormones, insulin-like growth factors, chronic low-grade inflammation and alterations in adipokines [9,[11][12][13][14][15]. These biological pathways, in turn, are the hypothesised targets through which physical activity may exert its protective effects over breast cancer development [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IFNL cytokines do not modulate human or murine NK cell functions

Morrison¹,

Keane²,

Quinn³

et al. 2014

Human Immunology

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Background: Breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide. The lifetime risk of a woman being diagnosed with breast cancer is approximately 12.5%. For women who carry the deleterious mutation in either of the BRCA genes, BRCA1 or BRCA2, the risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer is significantly increased. In recent years there has been increased penetrance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 associated breast cancer, prompting investigation into the role of modifiable risk factors in this group. Previous investigations into this topic have relied on participants recalling lifetime weight changes and subjective methods of recording physical activity. The influence of obesity-related biomarkers, which may explain the link between obesity, physical activity and breast cancer risk, has not been investigated prospectively in this group. This paper describes the design of a prospective cohort study investigating the role of predictive and modifiable risk factors for breast cancer in unaffected BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation carriers. Methods/design: Participants will be recruited from breast cancer family risk clinics and genetics clinics. Lifestyle risk factors that will be investigated will include body composition, metabolic syndrome and its components, physical activity and dietary intake. PBMC telomere length will be measured as a potential predictor of breast cancer occurrence. Measurements will be completed on entry to the study and repeated at two years and five years. Participants will also be followed annually by questionnaire to track changes in risk factor status and to record cancer occurrence. Data will be analysed using multiple regression models. The study has an accrual target of 352 participants.

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“…Interestingly, the metabolic syndrome was also found associated with a decreased risk of incident BC in women below age 50 with high body mass index (BMI), and with an increased risk of BC mortality in women of ages above 60, according to a European study (Bjørge et al, 2010). New evidence emphasizes that metabolic syndrome increases the risk mainly in postmenopausal women (Capasso et al, 2011) and it has been found as significantly more prevalent in triple-negative BC patients as opposed to non-triple-negative patients (Maiti et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes, Overweight and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Uruguay

Ronco¹,

Stéfani²,

Deneo‐Pellegrini³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Obese postmenopausal women increase their risk of developing breast cancer (BC), in particular if they display an android-type pattern of adiposity, which is also associated to increased risks of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In order to explore the associations among anthropometry (body mass index, body composition, somatotype), some specific items of medical history (diabetes, hypertension, dislypidemias, hyperuricemia) and the risk of BC in Uruguayan women, a case-control study was carried out between 2004-2009 at our Oncology Unit. 912 women of ages between 23-69 years (367 new BC cases and 545 non hospitalized, age-matched controls with a normal mammography) were interviewed. Twenty body measurements were taken in order to calculate body composition and somatotype. Patients were queried on socio-demographics, reproductive history, family history of cancer, a brief food frequency questionnaire and on personal history of diabetes, dislypidemias, hyperuricemia, hypertension and gallbladder stones. Uni-and multivariate analyses were done, generating odds ratios (ORs) as an expression of relative risks. A personal history of diabetes was positively associated to BC risk (OR=1.64, 95% CI 1.00-2.69), being higher among postmenopausal women (OR=1.92, 95% CI 1.04-3.52). The risks of BC for diabetes in postmenopausal women with overweight combined with dislypidemia (OR=9.33, 95% CI 2.10-41.5) and high fat/muscle ratio (OR=7.81, 95% CI 2.01-30.3) were significantly high. As a conclusion, a personal history of diabetes and overweight was strongly associated to BC. The studied sample had a subset of high-risk of BC featured by postmenopausal overweight and diabetic women, who also had a personal history of hypertension and/or dyslipidemia. The present results could contribute to define new high risk groups and individuals for primary as well as for secondary prevention, since this pattern linked to the metabolic syndrome is usually not considered for BC prevention.

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Metabolic Syndrome and Breast Cancer in the Me-Can (Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer) Project

Cited by 156 publications

References 39 publications

High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol, Daily Estradiol and Progesterone, and Mammographic Density Phenotypes in Premenopausal Women

High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol, Daily Estradiol and Progesterone, and Mammographic Density Phenotypes in Premenopausal Women

IFNL cytokines do not modulate human or murine NK cell functions

Diabetes, Overweight and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Uruguay

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