Metabolic syndrome and 10-year cardiovascular disease incidence: The ATTICA study

Kastorini, C.-M.; Georgousopoulou, Ekavi; Laskaris, A.; Skourlis, Nikolaos; Zana, Adela; Chatzinikolaou, Christina; Chrysοhoou, Christina; Puddu, Paolo Emilio; Tousoulis, Dimitrios; Stefanadis, Christodoulos; Pitsavos, Christos

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2015.12.010

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Of the publications found, only one publication was about the incidence of MVS [11], 50 articles were about the prevalence , 13 examined the co-ocurrence with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and 29 the coexistence of the MVS with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [14,19,20,23,24,29,30,33,34,38,39,42,43,45,57,63,64,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77]. There was no study about the natural history of the MVS.…”

Section: Selection Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of the Epidemiology and Natural History of the Metabolic Vascular Syndrome and its Coincidence with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases in Different European Countries

et al. 2017

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The objectives of this systematic review were to estimate the incidence, prevalence and natural history of the metabolic (vascular) syndrome (MVS) among adults in different European countries. Furthermore, we assessed its co-incidence with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). PubMed, MedLine, and EMBASE (via Ovid) were searched for relevant studies. After reading 116 full-text articles to find eligible ones, 66 publications met our inclusion criteria. Data for the incidence are based on a study from Portugal, in which the incidence rate for the MVS was 47.2/1000 person-years. Prevalence varied strongly depending on country and definition. The lowest was found in the United Kingdom (3%), the highest in Finland (71.7%). No article that deals with the natural history of the MVS was found. Considering the co-existence of MVS and T2DM, it ranged between 2% (United Kingdom) and 74.4% (Spain). The co-occurrence of MVS and CVD ranged from 2.8% (Italy) up to 52% (Netherlands). Coronary heart disease (CHD) varied between 1.2% and 44.2%. With regard to peripheral artery disease (PAD), values between 3.3% and 59.8% were found. Due to the many different definitions of the MVS, a comparison is very difficult. Overall prevalence ranged between 3% and 71.7% depending on definition, age, and country. An association between MVS and T2DM as well as several CVD can be assumed.

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Section: Selection Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of the Epidemiology and Natural History of the Metabolic Vascular Syndrome and its Coincidence with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases in Different European Countries

et al. 2017

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“…However, the exact nature of this relationship remains unclear. MetS is a cluster of interrelated metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, hypercoagulation and chronic stress, that predisposes to type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and is associated with a substantial increase in all-cause mortality [ 4 ]. It is undoubtedly a common condition, present in about 20–30% of the world’s adult population [ 5 ], whose global prevalence is rising also due to an increase in the incidence of obesity and sedentary lifestyles [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic syndrome and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): The interplay among smoking, insulin resistance and vitamin D

et al. 2017

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BackgroundA close relationship between Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has been described, but the exact nature of this link remains unclear. Current epidemiological data refer exclusively to the MetS prevalence among patients with COPD and data about the prevalence of COPD in MetS patients are still unavailable.Aim of the studyTo analyse and compare risk factors, clinical and metabolic characteristics, as well as the main respiratory function parameters, among patients affected by MetS, COPD or both diseases.PatientsWe recruited 59 outpatients with MetS and 76 outpatients with COPD. After medical history collection, physical examination, blood sampling for routine analysis, spirometric evaluation, they were subdivided into MetS (n = 46), MetS+COPD (n = 60), COPD (n = 29).ResultsA MetS diagnosis was assigned to 62% of COPD patients recruited in the COPD Outpatients Clinic of the Pneumology Department, while the COPD prevalence in MetS patients enrolled in the Internal Medicine Metabolic Disorders Outpatients Clinic was 22%. More than 60% of subjects enrolled in each Department were unaware that they suffered from an additional disease. MetS+COPD patients exhibited significantly higher C-peptide levels. We also found a positive relation between C-peptide and pack-years in all subjects and a negative correlation between C-peptide and vitamin D only in current smokers. Finally, a negative association emerged between smoking and vitamin D.ConclusionsWe have estimated, for the first time, the COPD prevalence in MetS and suggest a potential role of smoking in inducing insulin resistance. Moreover, a direct effect of smoking on vitamin D levels is proposed as a novel mechanism, which may account for both insulin resistance and COPD development.

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“…Comparing the present study with another study, we considered a national case-control study which also investigated the association between the Mediterranean diet and AMI [ 33 ]; the latter is not a multicenter study and does not investigate other risk factors for AMI outside of the MD score, so we cannot evaluate the synergistic effect of multiple risk factors for AMI. Another case-control study investigating the metabolic syndrome, adherence to Mediterranean diet and 10-year cardiovascular disease incidence (The ATTICA study) [ 34 ] identified five factors associated with a higher risk of AMI, namely increased weight, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and increased inflammatory markers. However, the synergistic effect that exists between them was not evaluated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean diet adherence and synergy with acute myocardial infarction and its determinants: A multicenter case-control study in Italy

et al. 2018

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BackgroundCardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in Western countries. The possible synergistic effect of poor adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD) and other risk factors for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) such as hypertension, cholesterol, ever smoker, BMI> 25, diabetes, has not been deeply studied.DesignCase-control study.MethodsPatients with first AMI and controls from four tertiary referral Italian centers were screened for enrolment. Dietary information was collected through a questionnaire and a MD adherence score was calculated. Physical activity and smoking habits were also registered. The Synergy Index was calculated according to Rothman.Results127 cases and 173 controls were enrolled. The analysis was conducted using a dichotomous variable for the MD score with values ≥7 representing good adherence. Multivariate analysis showed the following variables associated to AMI: ever smoker (OR = 2.08), diabetes (OR = 1.42), hypertension (OR = 2.08), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 2.47), BMI> 25 (OR = 1.99), while a protective effect emerged both in subjects scoring > 7 on the MD score (OR = 0.55) and in subjects resident of Southern Italy (OR = 0.38). A synergistic effect does exist between poor adherence to the MD and the following risk factors: hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, BMI >25, diabetes and being a resident in central and northern Italy.ConclusionSynergy between heart disease risk factors and MD underlines the need to enlarge the list of known modifiable cardiovascular risk factors to include and promote adherence to Mediterranean dietary habits.

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Metabolic syndrome and 10-year cardiovascular disease incidence: The ATTICA study

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

Systematic Review of the Epidemiology and Natural History of the Metabolic Vascular Syndrome and its Coincidence with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases in Different European Countries

Systematic Review of the Epidemiology and Natural History of the Metabolic Vascular Syndrome and its Coincidence with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases in Different European Countries

Metabolic syndrome and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): The interplay among smoking, insulin resistance and vitamin D

Mediterranean diet adherence and synergy with acute myocardial infarction and its determinants: A multicenter case-control study in Italy

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