Metabolic Studies with Banana Fruit Slices I. Changes in the Incorporation of 14c Labelled Compounds in Response to Cutting

McGlasson, W. B.; Vendrell, JK Palmer M; Brady, CJ

doi:10.1071/bi9710007

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…1C). Respiration rates have been reported to increase in response to ethylene treatment in fruits (Frenkel et al, 1968;McGlasson et al, 1971) and roots (Kahl and Laties, 1989). Ethylene can enhance respiration via the alternative respiration pathways (Esashi et al, 1987) and increase tissue ATP content through mobilization of AMP or ADP (Perl, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene Enhances Water Transport in Hypoxic Aspen

Kamaluddin

Zwiazek

2002

Plant Physiology

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Water transport was examined in solution culture grown seedlings of aspen (Populus tremuloides) after short-term exposures of roots to exogenous ethylene. Ethylene significantly increased stomatal conductance, root hydraulic conductivity (L p ), and root oxygen uptake in hypoxic seedlings. Aerated roots that were exposed to ethylene also showed enhanced L p . An ethylene action inhibitor, silver thiosulphate, significantly reversed the enhancement of L p by ethylene. A short-term exposure of excised roots to ethylene significantly enhanced the root water flow (Q v ), measured by pressurizing the roots at 0.3 MPa. The Q v values in ethylene-treated roots declined significantly when 50 m HgCl 2 was added to the root medium and this decline was reversed by the addition of 20 mm 2-mercaptoethanol. The results suggest that the response of Q v to ethylene involves mercury-sensitive water channels and that root-absorbed ethylene enhanced water permeation through roots, resulting in an increase in root water transport and stomatal opening in hypoxic seedlings.Hypoxia, a condition of oxygen deficiency in plant roots, is the main consequence of flooding or waterlogging. Plants respond to hypoxia with reduced root permeability, closure of stomata, hypertrophy of lenticels, epinasty, formation of aerenchyma, and adventitious roots (Vartapetian and Jackson, 1997). Ethylene accumulation is often assumed to be the factor responsible for many of the responses observed in plants exposed to hypoxia (Mattoo and Suttle, 1991; Abeles et al., 1992). Hypoxia induces the formation in roots of the immediate precursor of ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, which is transported in the xylem to the shoots and there rapidly oxidized to ethylene (Mattoo and Suttle, 1991). The synthesis of ethylene and the response of plants to ethylene differ among tissues and different plant species (Abeles et al., 1992), and can be affected by different internal and environmental factors (Sharp et al., 2000; Grichko and Glick, 2001).The effects of ethylene on stomatal closure are not clear. Several studies on the effects of exogenous ethylene on stomatal movements demonstrated differential responses between the examined species (Taylor and Gunderson, 1986; Woodrow et al., 1988; Gunderson and Taylor, 1991; Abeles et al., 1992). Exogenous ethylene is known to increase membrane permeability in petal cells (Mayak et al., 1977; Borochov and Woodson, 1989); however, its impact on cell-to-cell water transport has not been thoroughly examined.Water transport across intact higher plant cell membranes occurs predominantly through water channels (aquaporins; Chrispeels et al., 1997). Aquaporins are located in root cell membranes (Chrispeels and Maurel, 1994) at a high density (Johansson et al., 1998). In our previous work (Wan and Zwiazek, 1999, 2001;Kamaluddin and Zwiazek, 2001), we showed that the root water channels in aspen (Populus tremuloides) and Cornus stolonifera rapidly responded to changes in root metabolism. Phosphorylation of the aquapor...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene Enhances Water Transport in Hypoxic Aspen

Kamaluddin

Zwiazek

2002

Plant Physiology

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“…Studies of ethylene production (McGlasson 1969), of carbon metabolism (Palmer and McGlasson 1969;Brady et al 1970a;McGlasson et al 1971), of protein biosynthesis (Brady et al 1970b), and of the effects of plant growth substances (Vendrell 1969(Vendrell , 1970Wade and Brady 1971) have been made using these slices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Studies with Banana Fruit Slices II. Effects of Inhibitors on Respiration, Ethylene Production, and Ripening

McGlasson¹,

Palmer²,

Vendrell³

et al. 1971

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Transverse slices of green banana fruit were vacuum· infiltrated with aqueous solutions of 24 potential inhibitors of protein synthesis, respiration, or ethylene production. The effects of these compounds were examined in the absence or presence of 10 p.p.m. ethylene. Of the compounds which produced marked effects mono· fiuoroacetate, 4·hydroxy·2·oxoglutarate (HKG), KCN, and cycloheximide were examined in more detail.Monofiuoroacetate (1 and 2 X 10-2M) and cycloheximide (1 and 2I-'g/ml) almost eliminated the peaks of induced respiration and ethylene production, almost eliminated the respiratory response to added ethylene, and prevented normal ripening. Ethylene production by slices treated with the inhibitors rose within a few hours after treatment to steady levels considerably above the preclimacteric rates of untreated slices, possibly as a result of cell damage. KCN at 5 X 10-2M caused breakdown of the tissue. At 1 and 2·5 X 10-2M, KCN almost eliminated the peak of induced ethylene production, but only delayed the peak of induced respira. tion and retarded ripening in both ethylene. treated and ungassed slices. Before the resumption of a normal ripening pattern in slices treated with KCN ethylene pro· duction declined to normal preclimacteric rates. HKG at 3 X lO-2M eliminated the induced rise in ethylene production, delayed the peak of induced respiration, and reduced respiration in ethylene-treated slices but did not affect ripening. There is evidence that banana tissue may metabolize HKG and KCN.

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“…McGlasson et al (12) and Frenkel et al (8) found that they could inhibit ripening of thick banana slices and Bartlett pear fruit, respectively, with cycloheximide but not the respiratory climacteric. Quazi and Freebairn (16) found that bananas ripened normally under diminished 02 tension, while having a much reduced respiratory climacteric.…”

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“…Although an increase in protein synthesis in several climacteric fruits has been demonstrated, its importance to the ripening process has been questioned (23). Brady and O'Connell (4) exposed 6-mm thick cross sections of banana fruit to 5 AI/I ethylene for 6 h and observed an increase in protein synthesis without concomitant ripening; however, when the sections were exposed to ethylene for 12 h, enhanced protein synthesis was accompanied by ripening. Upon analyzing in vivo-labeled protein samples on polyacrylamide gels, they found that the increase in protein synthesis with 24 h of ethylene treatment was not limited ' Supported by Research Grant GM 19807 from the United States Public Health Service.…”

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Interrelationship of Gene Expression, Polysome Prevalence, and Respiration during Ripening of Ethylene and/or Cyanide-Treated Avocado Fruit

Tucker¹,

Laties²

1984

Plant Physiol.

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Upon initiation of ripening in avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill. cv Hass) with 10 microliters/liter ethylene, polysome prevalence and associated poly(A)' mRNA increase approximately 3-fold early in the respiratory climacteric and drop off to preclimacteric levels at the peak of the respiratory climacteric. The increase in poly(A)' mRNA on polysomes early in the respiratory climacteric constitutes a generic increase in constitutive mRNAs. New gene expression associated with ripening is minimal but evident after 10 hours of ethylene treatment and continues to increase relative to constitutive gene expression throughout the climacteric. The respiratory climacteric can be temporally separated into two phases. The first phase is associated with a general increase in protein synthesis, whereas the second phase reflects new gene expression and accumulation of corresponding proteins which may be responsible for softening and other ripening characteristics. A major new message on polysomes that arises concomitantly with the respiratory cimacteric codes for an in vitro translation product of 53 kilodaltons which is immunoprecipitated by antiserum against avocado fruit cellulase.Cyanide at 500 microliters/liter fails to affect the change in polysome prevalance or new gene expression associated with the ethylene-evoked climacteric in avocado fruit. Treatment of fruit with 500 microliters/liter cyanide alone initiates a respiratory increase within 4 hours, ethylene biosynthesis within 18 hours, and new gene expression akin to that educed by ethylene within 20 hours of exposure to cyanide.Several fruits show an increase in protein synthesis during the early stages of fruit ripening (23). In particular, Richmond and Biale (17) reported that, in avocado, amino acid incorporation into protein increased very early in the respiratory climacteric and diminished to less than preclimacteric levels at the peak of respiration. Although an increase in protein synthesis in several climacteric fruits has been demonstrated, its importance to the ripening process has been questioned (23). Brady and O'Connell (4) exposed 6-mm thick cross sections of banana fruit to 5 AI

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Metabolic Studies with Banana Fruit Slices I. Changes in the Incorporation of 14c Labelled Compounds in Response to Cutting

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Ethylene Enhances Water Transport in Hypoxic Aspen

Ethylene Enhances Water Transport in Hypoxic Aspen

Metabolic Studies with Banana Fruit Slices II. Effects of Inhibitors on Respiration, Ethylene Production, and Ripening

Interrelationship of Gene Expression, Polysome Prevalence, and Respiration during Ripening of Ethylene and/or Cyanide-Treated Avocado Fruit

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