Metabolic Risk Factors of Alzheimer’s Disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Normal Elderly: A Population-Based Study

Abstract

Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) share many risk factors. Evidence suggests that metabolic risk factors are important to AD; however, their association with DLB is unclear. The risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) associated with AD and DLB is also uncertain. Thus, this nationwide, population-based study was designed to evaluate the metabolic and CVD risks in AD and DLB. Materials and Methods Data were obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. AD patients, DLB patients, and normal control (NC) individuals from 1996 to 2013 were enrolled for risk assessment. Results In total, 7544 NC individuals, 1324 AD patients, and 562 DLB patients were enrolled. Participants with one or more metabolic risk factors had significantly higher odds of AD or DLB. No significant differences in metabolic risk factors were observed between DLB and AD patients. AD patients had a lower risk of CVD (aHR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.59–0.76, p value < 0.001) and coronary artery disease (CAD) (aHR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.51–0.69, p value < 0.001) than NC. DLB patients had a higher risk of ischemic stroke (aHR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.68–3.06, p value < 0.001) than NC. Conclusion Metabolic risk factors are important in AD and DLB. Patients with AD might have a lower risk of CAD and ischemic strokes. Patients with DLB might have a higher risk of ischemic stroke.

Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, and Hypertension in Lewy Body Disease: A Comparison with Other Dementia Disorders

“…Hypertension is an established risk factor for CeVD and CaVD and therefore known to contribute to the development of dementia and mostly to VaD [8,12,14]. However, studies are not in agreement when it comes to the connection and contribution of HT as a risk factor for AD and LBD [16,18,47,48]. Chan et al showed that the vascular risk factors (systolic blood pressure included) are significantly fewer in PDD and DLB compared to AD [18].…”

Health care intelligent system: A neural network based method for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease using MRI images

“…In previous research studies, machine learning‐based approaches needed manual feature extraction, and this process required experts. However, deep learning‐based approaches can extract useful features, and some researchers only used the GM images or WM matter images for the classification purpose (Cheng et al, 2018).…”

The association of clinical phenotypes to known AD/FTD genetic risk loci and their inter-relationship

“…While vascular and metabolic risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia /hypercholesterolemia, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity at midlife, diabetes mellitus (DM), and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (including stroke, clinically silent brain infarcts and cerebral microvascular lesions) are generally thought to increase the risk of dementia and AD [70][71][72][73], the directional impact of a factor could be age-dependent, for example, hypertension, obesity and hypercholesterolemia are risk factors at middle age (<65 years) for late-life dementia and AD, but protective late in life (age >75 years) [74]. It seems to be odd that AD patient had a lower risk of developing CAD [73], but it is consistent with a meta-analysis [72] and this meta-analysis also reported that metabolic syndrome decreases the risk of AD. In the MR analysis from this study, AD increased the risk of CAD (S9 Table), but this result was supported by MR Egger method only.…”