Metabolic responses produced by crude versus dispersed oil in Chinook salmon pre-smolts via NMR-based metabolomics

Scoy, April R. Van; Lin, Ching‐Yu; Anderson, Brian S.; Philips, Bryn M.; Martin, Michael; McCall, James; Todd, Charles R.; Crane, D.; Sowby, Michael L.; Viant, Mark R.; Tjeerdema, Ronald S.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.03.001

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, in terms of direct comparison between two parallel treatments as performed in the current experiment, we may conclude that the use of a chemical dispersant increases exposure and bioavailability and consequently mortality in the water column during an oil spill. This is in line with findings using WAF/CE-WAFs for similar comparative purposes (Gulec et al, 1997;Van Scoy et al, 2010. In an attempt to avoid the issue of particulates, EC 50 s were also determined based on the parent naphthalene (NAPH) concentrations in the water, as this component will predominately be distributed in the dissolved fraction and has been shown to correlate well to toxicity of oil dispersions (Gardiner et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The majority of studies where toxicity of chemically and mechanically dispersed oil has been compared have been utilizing water accommodated fractions (WAFs) and/or chemically enhanced water accommodated fractions (CE-WAFs) (e.g. Couillard et al, 2005;Fuller et al, 2004;Gardiner et al, 2013;Jung et al, 2009;Long and Holdway, 2002;Perkins et al, 2005;Ramachandran et al, 2004;Van Scoy et al, 2010. Results from these studies where initial oil loadings are identical between CE-WAF/WAF generally display higher acute toxicity of CE-WAF compared to WAF, which makes sense because the CE-WAF consists of more dissolved components and small oil droplets persisting in the water than WAF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute and long-term biological effects of mechanically and chemically dispersed oil on lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus)

Frantzen

Hansen

Geraudie

et al. 2015

Marine Environmental Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and long-term biological effects of mechanically and chemically dispersed oil on lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus)

Frantzen

Hansen

Geraudie

et al. 2015

Marine Environmental Research

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“…However, conflicting evidence exists as to whether dispersed oil is more toxic than crude oil or untreated water-accommodated fraction of oil to fish. For example, Van Scoy et al [20] showed that dispersant application significantly decreased hydrocarbon potency in Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) pre-smolts, whereas many studies suggest that the oil droplet fractions of oil dispersions increase the bioavailability and thereby the mechanism of toxicity of compounds of crude oil in fishes [18,21-23] or have only moderate effects on fish [14,24]. With a fold change cut-off of 1.5 and p <0.05, mechanically dispersed oil produced a much longer list of significantly affected transcripts than chemically dispersed oil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is chemically dispersed oil more toxic to Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae than mechanically dispersed oil? A transcriptional evaluation

Lie¹,

Nordtug

Hansen

2012

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundThe use of dispersants can be an effective way to deal with acute oil spills to limit environmental damage, however very little is known about whether chemically dispersed oil have the same toxic effect on marine organisms as mechanically dispersed oil. We exposed Atlantic cod larvae to chemically and mechanically dispersed oil for four days during the first-feeding stage of development, and collected larvae at 14 days post hatch for transcriptional analysis. A genome-wide microarray was used to screen for effects and to assess whether molecular responses to chemically and mechanically dispersed oil were similar, given the same exposure to oil (droplet distribution and concentration) with and without the addition of a chemical dispersant (Dasic NS).ResultsMechanically dispersed oil induced expression changes in almost three times as many transcripts compared to chemically dispersed oil (fold change >+/−1.5). Functional analyses suggest that chemically dispersed oil affects partly different pathways than mechanically dispersed oil. By comparing the alteration in gene transcription in cod larvae exposed to the highest concentrations of either chemically or mechanically dispersed oil directly, the chemically dispersed oil affected transcription of genes involved nucleosome regulation, i.e. genes encoding proteins participating in DNA replication and chromatin formation and regulation of cell proliferation, whereas the mechanically dispersed oil most strongly affected genes encoding proteins involved in proteasome-mediated protein degradation. Cyp1a was the transcript that was most strongly affected in both exposure groups, with a 60-fold induction in the two high-exposure groups according to the RT-qPCR data, but no significant difference in transcriptional levels was observed between the two treatments.ConclusionsIn summary, dispersants do not appear to add to the magnitude of transcriptional responses of oil compounds but rather appear to lower or modify the transcriptional effect on cod larvae.

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“…This could explain the initial decrease of amino acids in the current study as well as that observed for the organic acid lactate (also one of the top ten VIP metabolites), which can also be converted to pyruvate (Horton et al 2006). A similar mechanism was proposed by Van Scoy et al (2010) to have decreased lactate levels in salmon smolts exposed to both crude and dispersed oil. In contrast, increased amino acid levels in earthworms have previously been attributed to breakdown of muscle or other tissue under toxic stress (Brown et al 2009(Brown et al , 2010Jones et al 2008;McKelvie et al 2009McKelvie et al , 2010Rochfort et al 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

1H NMR metabolomics of earthworm responses to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in soil

Åslund

Simpson

2011

Ecotoxicology

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(1)H NMR-based metabolomics was used to examine the metabolic profile of D(2)O-buffer extracted tissues of Eisenia fetida earthworms exposed for 2 days to an artificial soil spiked with sub-lethal concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, or 25 mg/kg Aroclor 1254). Univariate statistical analysis of the identified metabolites revealed a significant increase in ATP concentration in earthworms exposed to the highest soil PCB concentration, but detected no significant changes in other metabolites. However, a multivariate approach which considers alterations in multiple metabolites simultaneously, identified a significant linear relationship between earthworm metabolic profiles and PCB concentration (cross-validated PLS-regression with 7 components, R(2)X = 0.99, R(2)Y = 0.77, Q(2)Y = 0.45, P < 0.001). Significant changes in pair-wise metabolic correlations were also detected as PCB concentration increased. For example, lysine and ATP concentrations showed no apparent correlation in control earthworms (r = 0.22, P = 0.54), but were positively correlated in earthworms from the 25 mg/kg treatment (r = 0.87, P = 0.001). Overall, the observed metabolic responses suggest that PCBs disrupted both carbohydrate (energy) metabolism and membrane (osmolytic) function in E. fetida. The ability of (1)H NMR-based metabolomics to detect these responses suggests that this method offers significant potential for direct assessment of sub-lethal PCB toxicity in soil.

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Metabolic responses produced by crude versus dispersed oil in Chinook salmon pre-smolts via NMR-based metabolomics

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

Acute and long-term biological effects of mechanically and chemically dispersed oil on lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus)

Acute and long-term biological effects of mechanically and chemically dispersed oil on lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus)

Is chemically dispersed oil more toxic to Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae than mechanically dispersed oil? A transcriptional evaluation

1H NMR metabolomics of earthworm responses to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in soil

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