Metabolic Response of ‘Topaz’ Apple Fruit to Minimal Application of Nitrogen during Cell Enlargement Stage

Jakopič, Jerneja; Schmitzer, Valentina; Veberič, Robert; Smrke, Tina; Štampar, Franci

doi:10.3390/horticulturae7090266

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have found that increasing N supply from the blooming stage to three weeks before maturity resulted in improved leaf N status and photosynthetic activity, generating faster cell proliferation and larger ‘Gala’ apple fruit [ 10 ]. However, another study found that low doses of urea had no effect on flesh firmness, total soluble solids, or starch content during the cell enlargement stage in apple plants [ 11 ]. In mango, a higher proportion of N applied 2 or 4 weeks prior to harvest was able to increase the growth of leaves and stem, while low rates of N applied prior to harvest increased stem biomass only [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome and Metabolome Studies on Pre-Harvest Nitrogen Impact on Fruit Yield and Quality of Peach (Prunus persica L.)

et al. 2022

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Pre-harvest nitrogen (N) application has been proven effective for improving fruit yield and quality. However, a full understanding of how differences in N availability/plant N status influence the transcriptome and metabolism underlying yield formation and quality remains elusive. Here, a combined analysis of the morpho-physiological qualities, transcriptome, and metabolite of peach plants was performed under different nitrogen levels at fruit pit hardening (PH) and fruit expansion (FE). Nitrogen fertilizer directly affected the yield, fruit quality, and metabolites of peach at different growth stages. RNA-Seq was used to analyze the influence of N levels at PH and FE in peach. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) focused on flavonoid biosynthesis and secondary metabolite biosynthetic processes. The differential metabolites among the different treatments were mainly involved in flavonoid metabolism. Transcriptome analysis showed that applying different nitrogen fertilizers at different growth stages of peach mainly affected the synthesis of flavonoids in fruit. Overall, these results suggest that the impacts of pre-harvest N application on fruit yield and quality differ between developmental stages. This research provides a full understanding of the metabolic processes underlying fruit growth and development in peach, providing a theoretical basis for the improvement of nitrogen use efficiency in peach trees.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome and Metabolome Studies on Pre-Harvest Nitrogen Impact on Fruit Yield and Quality of Peach (Prunus persica L.)

et al. 2022

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Influence of Living Mulch and Nitrogen Dose on Yield and Fruit Quality Parameters of Malus domestica Borkh. cv. ‘Sampion’

et al. 2023

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This study was conducted to estimate the yield, and to identify and quantify primary and secondary metabolites in fruit of Malus domestica Borkh. cv. ‘Sampion’ under two agrotechnical factors: the floor management (herbicide fallow and living mulch) and the dose of nitrogen (50, 80, 110, and 140 kg ha−1). Compared to herbicide fallow, living mulch did not decrease yield. Research showed a rich composition of phenolic and volatile organic compounds in apples, which varied with the evaluated factors, as well as with the weather conditions during the vegetation season. The precipitation deficit and high summer temperatures did not contribute to proper fruit growth and development and led to a higher content of phenolic compounds in the fruit flesh from trees in herbicide fallow compared to living mulch. Living mulch, which could be a factor regulating the availability of nitrogen to trees, stimulated the synthesis of anthocyanins, which was also potentiated by low average temperatures at harvest time, resulting in a large area of fruit skin red blush.

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Metabolite Diversity in Pulp Segments, Peel, Leaves, and Bark of a Red-Fleshed ‘Baya Marisa’ Apple Cultivar

Schmitzer,

Medic,

Bordon

et al. 2023

Agriculture

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This study investigated the composition of sugars, organic acids, individual and total phenolic compounds in the pulp, peel, leaves, and bark of a red-fleshed ‘Baya Marisa’ apple cultivar. As the fruit is known for its red pulp color, the study focused on comparing the profiles of primary and selected secondary metabolites in three sections along the equatorial fruit plane. The analyses were carried out using HPLC–MS system, and compositional differences were compared among fruit segments. Inner fruit segments accumulated higher levels of sorbitol and the sum of sugars and lower levels of citric acid. However, no differences in the sum of organic acids could be determined among segments. The phenolic composition differed among pulp (hydroxycinnamic acids > dihydrochalcones ≈ anthocyanins ≈ flavanols > flavonols), peel (flavanols > anthocyanins > dihydrochalcones > flavonols > hydroxycinnamic acids), leaves (flavonols > dihydrochalcones > hydroxycinnamic acids > anthocyanins), and bark (dihydrochalcones > flavonols > flavanols > anthocyanins > hydroxycinnamic acids). The greatest phenolic diversity was detected in bark (25), followed by leaves (18), peel (17) and finally, pulp (11). Three anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O-galactoside > cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside > peonidin-3-O-galactoside) were determined in all ‘Baya Marisa’ tissues with their content highest in the peel. The innermost sections of the fruit were characterized by higher levels of dihydrochalcones and lower levels of most flavanols, flavonols and anthocyanins. These were predominant in the apple pulp nearest to the peel, with cyanidin-3-O-galactoside being the prevalent representative. Accumulation of anthocyanins in pulp is a rare trait in apples, and therefore, the distinct distribution and diversity of metabolites in this cultivar highlights its potential for high-nutrient products such as juices, apple chips or purees.

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Metabolic Response of ‘Topaz’ Apple Fruit to Minimal Application of Nitrogen during Cell Enlargement Stage

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Transcriptome and Metabolome Studies on Pre-Harvest Nitrogen Impact on Fruit Yield and Quality of Peach (Prunus persica L.)

Transcriptome and Metabolome Studies on Pre-Harvest Nitrogen Impact on Fruit Yield and Quality of Peach (Prunus persica L.)

Influence of Living Mulch and Nitrogen Dose on Yield and Fruit Quality Parameters of Malus domestica Borkh. cv. ‘Sampion’

Metabolite Diversity in Pulp Segments, Peel, Leaves, and Bark of a Red-Fleshed ‘Baya Marisa’ Apple Cultivar

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