Metabolic Requirements for Spermatogonial Stem Cell Establishment and Maintenance In Vivo and In Vitro

Voigt, Anna; Thiageswaran, Shiama; Lara, Nathália de Lima e Martins; Dobrinski, Ina

doi:10.3390/ijms22041998

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 252 publications

(217 reference statements)

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“…349,[411][412][413] Actual clinical implementation and safe should be carefully considered in the near future, for example, xenofree, clinical grade media, culture condition, and protocols. 414,415 One of the concerned main issues about transplantation in cancer patients is the risk of reintroducing malignant cells present within tissue fragments to the patients. In fact, hPGCLCs will be a potential cell source for transplantation (Fig.…”

Section: Adult Germline Stem Cells Spermatogonial Stem Cells For Sper...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Germline stem cells in human

Cheng

Shang

Zhou

2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

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The germline cells are essential for the propagation of human beings, thus essential for the survival of mankind. The germline stem cells, as a unique cell type, generate various states of germ stem cells and then differentiate into specialized cells, spermatozoa and ova, for producing offspring, while self-renew to generate more stem cells. Abnormal development of germline stem cells often causes severe diseases in humans, including infertility and cancer. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) first emerge during early embryonic development, migrate into the gentile ridge, and then join in the formation of gonads. In males, they differentiate into spermatogonial stem cells, which give rise to spermatozoa via meiosis from the onset of puberty, while in females, the female germline stem cells (FGSCs) retain stemness in the ovary and initiate meiosis to generate oocytes. Primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) can be induced in vitro from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells. In this review, we focus on current advances in these embryonic and adult germline stem cells, and the induced PGCLCs in humans, provide an overview of molecular mechanisms underlying the development and differentiation of the germline stem cells and outline their physiological functions, pathological implications, and clinical applications.

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Section: Adult Germline Stem Cells Spermatogonial Stem Cells For Sper...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Germline stem cells in human

Cheng

Shang

Zhou

2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

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“…Although a comparable medium can also support long-term propagation of human SSCs ( 59 , 60 ), overgrowth of testicular somatic cells within the culture system remains problematic, as the SSC signature is diluted over time ( 62 ). The presence of feeder cells is beneficial to the survival of SSCs as they provide mechanical and metabolic support and paracrine signals ( 85 , 86 ). The use of exogenous feeder layers however is unsuitable for clinical implementation of the technique.…”

Section: Ssc-based Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spermatogonial Stem Cell-Based Therapies: Taking Preclinical Research to the Next Level

et al. 2022

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Fertility preservation via biobanking of testicular tissue retrieved from testicular biopsies is now generally recommended for boys who need to undergo gonadotoxic treatment prior to the onset of puberty, as a source of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). SSCs have the potential of forming spermatids and may be used for therapeutic fertility approaches later in life. Although in the past 30 years many milestones have been reached to work towards SSC-based fertility restoration therapies, including transplantation of SSCs, grafting of testicular tissue and various in vitro and ex vivo spermatogenesis approaches, unfortunately, all these fertility therapies are still in a preclinical phase and not yet available for patients who have become infertile because of their treatment during childhood. Therefore, it is now time to take the preclinical research towards SSC-based therapy to the next level to resolve major issues that impede clinical implementation. This review gives an outline of the state of the art of the effectiveness and safety of fertility preservation and SSC-based therapies and addresses the hurdles that need to be taken for optimal progression towards actual clinical implementation of safe and effective SSC-based fertility treatments in the near future.

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“…Testicular spermatozoa are more fragile in comparison with ejaculated spermatozoa and higher requirements have been put forward for maintenance and activation of testicular spermatozoa. Prolonged storage of sperm also paves the way for the in vitro culturing of other germline cells such as spermatogonia stem cells [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Aims Of Prolonged Non-freezing Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Extend the Survival of Human Sperm In Vitro in Non-Freezing Conditions: Damage Mechanisms, Preservation Technologies, and Clinical Applications

Cheng

Jiang

et al. 2022

Cells

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Preservation of human spermatozoa in vitro at normothermia or hypothermia maintaining their functions and fertility for several days plays a significant role in reproductive biology and medicine. However, it is well known that human spermatozoa left in vitro deteriorate over time irreversibly as the consequence of various stresses such as the change of osmolarity, energy deficiency, and oxidative damage, leading to substantial limitations including the need for semen examinations, fertility preservation, and assisted reproductive technology. These problems may be addressed with the aid of non-freezing storage techniques. The main and most effective preservation strategies are the partial or total replacement of seminal plasma with culture medium, named as extenders, and temperature-induced metabolic restriction. Semen extenders consist of buffers, osmolytes, and antioxidants, etc. to protect spermatozoa against the above-mentioned adverse factors. Extended preservation of human spermatozoa in vitro has a negative effect on sperm parameters, whereas its effect on ART outcomes remains inconsistent. The storage duration, temperature, and pre-treatment of semen should be determined according to the aims of preservation. Advanced techniques such as nanotechnology and omics have been introduced and show great potential in the lifespan extension of human sperm. It is certain that more patients will benefit from it in the near future. This review provided an overview of the current knowledge and prospects of prolonged non-freezing storage of human sperm in vitro.

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Metabolic Requirements for Spermatogonial Stem Cell Establishment and Maintenance In Vivo and In Vitro

Cited by 13 publications

References 252 publications

Germline stem cells in human

Germline stem cells in human

Spermatogonial Stem Cell-Based Therapies: Taking Preclinical Research to the Next Level

Extend the Survival of Human Sperm In Vitro in Non-Freezing Conditions: Damage Mechanisms, Preservation Technologies, and Clinical Applications

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