Metabolic reprogramming in crustaceans: A vital immune and environmental response strategy

Abstract

Most host organisms undergo metabolic changes in response to pathogens, environmental cues or simply to boost their immunity. Metabolic modulation has therefore been exploited by both host and pathogens to outwit the other during host–pathogen interactions. Recent studies have revealed that a growing number of metabolites and metabolic processes in crustaceans are crucial in host–pathogen interactions. Here, we reviewed recent work on metabolic changes during immune response of crustaceans and the metabolic reprogramming that takes place in the host induced by pathogens, environmental cues or as a host strategy to withstand these changes or clear the pathogen. In aquaculture crustaceans, limited studies exist on this subject; hence, we will also highlight themes for possible future research on metabolite reprogramming and how this strategy can be leveraged to improve sustainable aquaculture and enhance crustaceans’ response to pathogens and environmental changes.

Metabolomics investigation on the volatile and non-volatile composition in enzymatic hydrolysates of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)

“…Different metabolites, such as amino acids (aspartic acid, tyrosine, alanine, and phenylalanine), lipids (phospholipids and creatine), and some sugars (glucose, maltose, etc.) were detected in different oyster samples in previous study ( Wang et al, 2022 ). As shown in Fig.…”

Investigation of the Alternations in the Muscle Quality of Swimming Crab (Ovalipes punctatus) during Cold-Chain Transportation Using Physicochemical and TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis

“…ATP generation from ADP and ADP metabolic process, catalyzed by pyruvate kinase, 49 was identified as the second substrate-level phosphorylation reaction of glycolysis, serving as a compensatory mechanism for energy cost during anaerobic glycolysis. 50 Muscle and hepatopancreas are recognized as primary sites for glycogen storage. 51 The decrease in the GLU content in crab hemolymph and the upregulation of glycolysis-related processes in crustaceans might likely respond to short-term starvation stress during transportation (Figure 2A).…”

Modulation of SREBP Expression and Fatty Acid Levels by Bacteria-Induced ER Stress Is Mediated by Hemocyanin in Penaeid Shrimp

“…Exposure of organisms to these environmental factors can induce various physiological responses, including metabolic reprogramming, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, etc. [ 3 , 6 , 7 ], which seems to be a strategy employed by organisms to counteract the harmful effects of these factors. Nevertheless, these responses could also have consequential effects on the organisms, increasing their risk of other damaging factors, including susceptibility to infections.…”