Metabolic Regulation of Neocortical Expansion in Development and Evolution

Namba, Tsuneo; Nardelli, Jeannette; Gressèns, Pierre; Huttner, Wieland B.

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.11.014

Cited by 63 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…It is by now well established that photoreceptors produce lactate in the presence of oxygen (Hurley et al, 2015;Kanow et al, 2017). As previously mentioned, aerobic glycolysis is also frequently referred to as the Warburg effect, which is a frequent trait of fast dividing cancer cells and neural stem cells (Namba et al, 2020). Why would energy-demanding cells like photoreceptors opt out of using OXPHOS, the most energy profitable pathway?…”

Section: Retinal Energy Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Metabolic Landscape for Maintaining Retina Integrity and Function

Viegas

Neuhauss

2021

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Neurons have high metabolic demands that are almost exclusively met by glucose supplied from the bloodstream. Glucose is utilized in complex metabolic interactions between neurons and glia cells, described by the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) hypothesis. The neural retina faces similar energy demands to the rest of the brain, with additional high anabolic needs to support continuous renewal of photoreceptor outer segments. This demand is met by a fascinating variation of the ANLS in which photoreceptors are the central part of a metabolic landscape, using glucose and supplying surrounding cells with metabolic intermediates. In this review we summarize recent evidence on how neurons, in particular photoreceptors, meet their energy and biosynthetic requirements by comprising a metabolic landscape of interdependent cells.

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Section: Retinal Energy Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Metabolic Landscape for Maintaining Retina Integrity and Function

Viegas

Neuhauss

2021

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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“…Deregulation of CDKs, their cyclin partners, or their regulators affects not only the generation of the proper number of NPCs but also the timing and extent of their differentiation to generate the proper number of postmitotic neurons and glial cells. Indeed, disruption of the balance between NPC production and cell cycle exit impacts neuronal differentiation and migration, and underlies a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders [ 361 , 362 , 363 ]. While primarily involved in promoting NPC proliferation, the presence of CDKs 1, 2 and 4 and their cognate cyclins are detectable in dendrites and axons where they inhibit neuronal maturation [ 364 , 365 , 366 ].…”

Section: The Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Good Kinases Go Rogue: GSK3, p38 MAPK and CDKs as Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s Disease

D’Mello¹

2021

IJMS

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a mostly sporadic brain disorder characterized by cognitive decline resulting from selective neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex whereas Huntington’s disease (HD) is a monogenic inherited disorder characterized by motor abnormalities and psychiatric disturbances resulting from selective neurodegeneration in the striatum. Although there have been numerous clinical trials for these diseases, they have been unsuccessful. Research conducted over the past three decades by a large number of laboratories has demonstrated that abnormal actions of common kinases play a key role in the pathogenesis of both AD and HD as well as several other neurodegenerative diseases. Prominent among these kinases are glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and some of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). After a brief summary of the molecular and cell biology of AD and HD this review covers what is known about the role of these three groups of kinases in the brain and in the pathogenesis of the two neurodegenerative disorders. The potential of targeting GSK3, p38 MAPK and CDKS as effective therapeutics is also discussed as is a brief discussion on the utilization of recently developed drugs that simultaneously target two or all three of these groups of kinases. Multi-kinase inhibitors either by themselves or in combination with strategies currently being used such as immunotherapy or secretase inhibitors for AD and knockdown for HD could represent a more effective therapeutic approach for these fatal neurodegenerative diseases.

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“…In fact, lineage tracing studies on embryonic neocortical neural stem cells has demonstrated a role for FAO in maintenance of neural stem cell identity and proliferation (53). Specifically, inhibition of Tmlhe (a carnitine biosynthesis enzyme) and carnitine-dependent long-chain fatty acid b-oxidation (carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, CPT1, which catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in this process) resulted in a marked increase in symmetric differentiating divisions at expense of both symmetric and asymmetric self-renewal of neural stem cells (55).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional regulation of neural stem cell expansion in adult hippocampus

Guo

McDermott

Shih

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Experience governs neurogenesis from radial-glial neural stem cells (RGLs) in the adult hippocampus to support memory. Transcription factors in RGLs integrate physiological signals to dictate self-renewal division mode. Whereas asymmetric RGL divisions drive neurogenesis during favorable conditions, symmetric divisions prevent premature neurogenesis while amplifying RGLs to anticipate future neurogenic demands. The identities of transcription factors regulating RGL symmetric self-renewal, unlike those that regulate RGL asymmetric self-renewal, are not known. Here, we show that the transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 9 (Klf9) is elevated in quiescent RGLs and inducible, deletion of Klf9 promotes RGL activation state. Clonal analysis and longitudinal intravital 2-photon imaging directly demonstrate that Klf9 functions as a brake on RGL symmetric self-renewal. In vivo translational profiling of RGLs lacking Klf9 generated a blueprint of RGL symmetric self-renewal for stem cell community. Together, these observations identify Klf9 as a transcriptional regulator of neural stem cell expansion in the adult hippocampus.

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Metabolic Regulation of Neocortical Expansion in Development and Evolution

Cited by 63 publications

References 103 publications

A Metabolic Landscape for Maintaining Retina Integrity and Function

A Metabolic Landscape for Maintaining Retina Integrity and Function

When Good Kinases Go Rogue: GSK3, p38 MAPK and CDKs as Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s Disease

Transcriptional regulation of neural stem cell expansion in adult hippocampus

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