Metabolic Rate of Tree-Shrews (Urogale everetti)

Le, Nelson; Cw, Asling

doi:10.3181/00379727-109-27281

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thermoregulation has been examined in three tree shrew genera, namely Tupaia (Bradley & Hudson, 1974), Ptilocercus (Whittow & Gould, 1976) and Urogale (Nelson & Asling, 1962). All of these studies reported low BMRs.…”

Section: Existing Support For and Potential Tests Of The Pae Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of endothermy in Cenozoic mammals: a plesiomorphic‐apomorphic continuum

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The evolution of endothermy in birds and mammals was one of the most important events in the evolution of the vertebrates. Past tests of hypotheses on the evolution of endothermy in mammals have relied largely on analyses of the relationship between basal and maximum metabolic rate, and artificial selection experiments. I argue that components of existing hypotheses, as well as new hypotheses, can be tested using an alternative macrophysiological modeling approach by examining the development of endothermy during the Cenozoic. Recent mammals display a 10°C range in body temperature which is sufficiently large to identify the selective forces that have driven the development of endothermy from a plesiomorphic (ancestral) Cretaceous or Jurassic condition. A model is presented (the Plesiomorphic-Apomorphic Endothermy Model, PAE Model) which proposes that heterothermy, i.e. bouts of normothermy (constant body temperature) interspersed with adaptive heterothermy (e.g. daily torpor and/or hibernation), was the ancestral condition from which apomorphic (derived), rigid homeothermy evolved. All terrestrial mammal lineages are examined for existing data to test the model, as well as for missing data that could be used to test the model. With the exception of Scandentia and Dermoptera, about which little is known, all mammalian orders that include small-sized mammals (<500 g), have species which are heterothermic and display characteristics of endothermy which fall somewhere along a plesiomorphic-apomorphic continuum. Orders which do not have heterothermic representatives (Cetartiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Pholidota, and Lagomorpha) are comprised of medium- to large-sized mammals that have either lost the capacity for heterothermy, or in which heterothermy has yet to be measured. Mammalian heterothermy seems to be plesiomorphic and probably evolved once in the mammalian lineage. Several categories of endothermy are identified (protoendothermy, plesioendothermy, apoendothermy, basoendothermy, mesoendothermy, supraendothermy, and reversed mesoendothermy) to describe the evolution of endothermy during the Cenozoic. The PAE Model should facilitate the testing of hypotheses using a range of macrophysiological methods (e.g. the comparative method and the reconstruction of ancestral states).

show abstract

Section: Existing Support For and Potential Tests Of The Pae Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of endothermy in Cenozoic mammals: a plesiomorphic‐apomorphic continuum

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The terrestrial tree shrew Urogale feeds on a mixture of fruit and vertebrates (Martin 1968); it has a basal rate that is intermediate to those of frugivores and vertebrate-eaters (Nelson and Asling 1962) (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Vertebrates and Fruit Or Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1950),Irving eta!. (1955),Morrison and Sim5es (1962),Nelson and Asling (1962),McNab (1969),Hildwein (1972),Shield (1972),Bradley and Hudson (1974),Casey eta!. (1979),Weigold (1979), Chevillard-Hugot eta!.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Food Habits on the Energetics of Eutherian Mammals

McNab¹

1986

Ecological Monographs

455

265

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The level of energy expenditure in eutherian mammals is correlated with the type of food consumed, especially in medium—sized to large species; some foods (including vertebrates, herbs, and nuts) permit high basal rates, while other foods (including invertebrates, fruit, and the leaves of woody plants) require low basal rates. Various properties of a food, including a low digestibility, a high content of plant secondary compounds, the inability to separate food from non—nutritive particles, and a seasonal reduction in availability, may require a consumer to have a low basal rate of metabolism; all of these factors are exaggerated in importance by the high food intake of large mammals. In small species most foods, except flying insects and seed crops in the desert, permit high basal rates and effective endothermy. Climatic factors modify these relationships to a limited extent, while a specialization in moderately—sized species to arboreal habits leads to reduced activity, smaller muscle mass, and lower basal rate than is found in terrestrial species using the same food resources. Mixed diets generally produce basal rates intermediate to those expected from the component specialist diets. The correlation of basal rate with food habits has the following demonstrable consequences for mammals. (1) The scaling of basal rate usually follows the Kleiber relation, unless food habits require low basal rates, or temperature regulation requires high rates. (2) Mammals that feed on foods associated with high basal rates have a higher reproductive output than mammals of similar size that use foods requiring low basal rates. (3) Predator avoidance is correlated with level of energy expenditure and food habits, terrestrial species with low rates of metabolism relying principally on burrows or passive integumental structures, such as shells, plates, or spines. (4) Most living "conservative" mammals use foods that require low basal rates of metabolism, a condition that protects conservative species from replacement by "advanced" eutherians, which are also required by these foods to have low basal rates.

show abstract

“…Three species of tree shrews have previously been studied, Urogale everett (Nelson and Asling, 1962), T. glis (Brand and Hudson, 1974) and Ptilocercus lowii (Whittow and Gold, 1976), and all had low metabolic rates; however, in T. belangeri metabolic rate was higher. Indeed, BMR of T. belangeri was 128.72%.of Kleiber's body mass predicted value.…”

Section: Bmr Thermal Conductance (C) and F Valuementioning

confidence: 97%