Metabolic profiling revealed the organ‐specific distribution differences of tannins and flavonols in pecan

Abstract

Carya illinoinensis is rich in phenolic metabolites such as tannins and flavonols, but both the composition and the distribution of these nutritional constituents in most pecan organs were still unclear. In this experiment, a comprehensive qualification and quantification of phenolic metabolites in eight organs of pecan were conducted for the first time. Ninety‐seven phenolic metabolites were identified, in which twelve were identified for the first time in pecan, including a series of ellagitannins with high molecular weight. Hydrolysable tannin was the dominant kind of phenolic metabolites in pecan. The metabolic profiles of tannins in pecan were extended. Thirty‐three phenolic metabolites were quantified, among them the highest content was ellagic acid pentose in testa. From this experiment, we can see that the distribution of phenolic metabolites in pecan was organ‐specific, tannins tend to accumulate in pecan testa with both diverse structures and high contents, while flavonols tend to accumulate in organs such as branch, bark, or leaf. Among all organs, testa contained the highest content of phenolics, which might play important roles in protecting pecan kernel from diseases and insects. A massive phenolic metabolites' matrix in different pecan organs was built in this experiment, which should be useful for related researches in the future and help provide a theoretical basis for using these organs as functional foods.

Polyphenolic Compounds of Crataegus Berry, Leaf, and Flower Extracts Affect Viability and Invasive Potential of Human Glioblastoma Cells

“…The last two hydrolyzable tannins (peak no. 14 and 15) with m/z 721, 739, and m/z 301 ion fragments assigned to bis-HHDP-glucose, belonging to galloyl substituents, were detected as 2- O -galloylpunicalin ( m/z 933) and eucalbanin A ( m/z 1085), respectively [ 39 ].…”

Caryatin and 3’-O-methylcaryatin contents in edible yams (Dioscorea spp.)

“…3). Caryatin has been previously described in two unrelated woody species, the pecan tree, Carya illinoinensis (Abdallah et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2020), and Rhododendron delavayi (Song et al, 2009) and in the medicinal yam of Nigeria, D. hirtiflora (Adeniran et al, 2020) and China, D. bulbifera (Gao et al, 2002). This study makes nevertheless, the first description of caryatin in the flesh of a food yam tuber.…”

“…3′-O-methylcaryatin has only been previously described in C. illinoinensis (Abdallah et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2020) and is described here for the first time in Dioscorea.…”

Anti-inflammatory activities of black raspberry seed ellagitannins and their structural effects on the stimulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion and intestinal bitter taste receptors

“…Stenophyllanin A and acutissimin A have been commonly found in the leaves of pecan and guava and red wine aged in oak barrels, respectively. [38][39][40] Acutissimin A has been recently reported to exist in BS. 8 This study is the first to report the presence of stenophyllanin A in BS or even any Rubus fruits.…”