Metabolic Profiling of Pleurotus tuoliensis During Mycelium Physiological Maturation and Exploration on a Potential Indicator of Mycelial Maturation

Abstract

Pleurotus tuoliensis is a valuable and rare edible fungus with extremely high nutritional and medicinal value. However, the relative immaturity of P. tuoliensis cultivation technology leads to fluctuating yields and quality. The main difficulty in P. tuoliensis cultivation is estimate of mycelial maturity. There is currently no measurable indicator that clearly characterizes the physiological maturation of mycelia. The aim of this study was to identify potential indicators of physiological maturation for P. tuoliensis mycelia by using metabolomics approach. A metabolite profiling strategy involving gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze changes to extracellular metabolites in mycelia collected at mycelium physiological maturation period (MPMP) day 0, MPMP day 35 at 17°C and MPMP day 35 at 29°C. 72 differential metabolites (37.8% up-regulated and 62.2% down-regulated) were identified based on the selected criteria [variable important in projection (VIP) greater than 1.0 and p < 0.01]. Metabolic pathways enrichment analysis showed that these metabolites are involved in glycolysis, organic acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), sugar metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, the pyrimidine synthesis pathway was significantly activated during mycelium physiological maturation of P. tuoliensis. The abundance of N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate (CA-asp), a component of this pathway, was significantly increased at MPMP day 35, which motivated us to explore its potential as an indicator for physiological maturation of mycelia. The content of CA-asp in mycelia changed in a consistent manner during physiological maturation. The feasibility of using CA-asp as an indicator for mycelial maturation requires further investigation.

Production and composition of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on Lithovit®-Amino25 supplemented spent substrate

“…Nitrogen can be transported into the fungus’s living cell in the form of amino acids (Mikeš et al 1994 ). The product applied was rich in amino acids, essential during the mycelial maturation stage (Du et al 2019 ). When added to the growing substrate, amino acids, as source of nutrients, could be more easily assimilated than proteins present in the initial substrate.…”

A Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Physiological Maturation Properties of Mycelia in Pleurotus tuoliensis

“…Metabolome analysis of physiological maturation of P. tuoliensis mycelia also revealed similar metabolism phenomenon. Metabolites enriched on pyrimidine synthesis were significantly abundant in mature P. tuoliensis mycelia, such as CMP and cytosine, which are indicative of the high demand for rapid nucleotide synthesis during physiological maturation [7].…”

“…After 20 days of induction, CA-asp content in mycelia were determined every two days. After CA-asp content in mycelia reached 0.9 g/L, mycelia reached physiological maturation [7]. We then randomly selected three cultivation bottles and transferred the mycelia to three corresponding tubes.…”

“…Our previous study demonstrated that N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate (CA-asp) can be used as an indicator of physiological maturation of mycelia. A mycelial CA-asp content of 0.9–1.2 g/L is thought to indicate physiological maturation and induces primordia formation and fruiting body growth [7]. The identification of such an indicator makes P. tuoliensis cultivation more tractable and aids efforts to improve P. tuoliensis quality and yield.…”

Comparative Analysis of Metabolic Compositions and Trace Elements of Inonotus hispidus Mushroom Grown on Five Different Tree Species

“… 14 , 15 It was reported that nontargeted metabonomic methods have been used to distinguish the metabolite composition of different parts of Ganoderma lucidum and different growth and development stages of Pleurotus tuoliensis . 16 The available software, algorithms, and experimental methods have now made metabonomics a good tool for comparing the chemical metabolites of fruiting bodies on different tree species.…”