Metabolic Profiling Analysis of the Alleviation Effect of Treatment with Baicalin on Cinnabar Induced Toxicity in Rats Urine and Serum

Abstract

Objectives: Baicalin is the main bioactive flavonoid constituent isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. The mechanisms of protection of liver remain unclear. In this study, 1H NMR-based metabonomics approach has been used to investigate the alleviation effect of Baicalin.Method: 1H NMR metabolomics analyses of urine and serum from rats, was performed to illuminate the alleviation effect of Baicalin on mineral medicine (cinnabar)-induced liver and kidney toxicity.Results: The metabolic profiles of groups receiving Baicalin at a dose of 80 mg/kg were remarkably different from cinnabar, and meanwhile, the level of endogenous metabolites returned to normal compared to group cinnabar. PLS-DA scores plots demonstrated that the variation tendency of control and Baicalein are apart from Cinnabar. The metabolic profiles of group Baicalein were similar to those of group control. Statistics results were confirmed by the histopathological examination and biochemical assay.Conclusion: Baicalin have the alleviation effect to the liver and kidney damage induced by cinnabar. The Baicalin could regulate endogenous metabolites associated with the energy metabolism, choline metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and gut flora.

1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Study of the Toxicological Effects in Rats Induced by “Renqing Mangjue” Pill, a Traditional Tibetan Medicine

“…As a crucial intermediate of glycolysis, Pyruvate can be transformed into acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate decarboxylation, and then Acetyl-CoA may be used for carrying out cellular respiration in the TCA cycle. The apparent decreasing level of lactate, pyruvate and citrate was observed on 15th day in plasma samples in RMP groups, which were in conformity with the earlier studies (Su et al, 2017 ), suggested that the Krebs cycle was disturbed, and the result is in consistent with the previous observation (Arakaki et al, 2008 ; Xu et al, 2013 ; Garcia-Sevillano et al, 2014 ). In TCA cycle, the reduction at the rate of oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid β-oxidation may lead to a lack of acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria which will result in the abnormal levels of TCA intermediates (Xu et al, 2013 ).…”

Metabolite profiling and quantification of phytochemicals of Tianma–Gouteng granule in human and rat urine using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

“…Many studies showed that flavonoids are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in its prototype form, and need to be hydrolyzed by microflora in gut to their aglycones . Generally, the glucuronidation was the most common reaction in vivo for flavonoids . Based on the elemental composition and MS/MS fragmentation, as well as referring to the related literatures, 17 flavonoid‐related metabolites were tentatively identified, and their proposed metabolic pathways in human and/or rat urine samples are shown in Supporting Information Figure S4A∼E).…”

1H-NMR-Based Metabonomics of the Protective Effect of Coptis chinensis and Berberine on Cinnabar-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Rats

“…Representative 600 MHz 1 H-NMR spectra of serum obtained from controls and treated groups are shown in Figure 4 . Endogenous metabolite assignments were based on chemical shifts reported in the literature [ 23 ].…”

“…In addition, to understand which pathways were the most relevant to the Coptis chinensis and berberine protective effect on acute hepatic and kidney injury, metabolic network was mapped by Metaboanalyst 3.0 ( ). A total of sixteen biomarkers were subjected to pathway analysis [ 23 ], and the associated metabolic pathways of each substance with their FDR values are summarized in Figure 6 and Table S1 (Supplementary Materials) .…”