Metabolic profile according to the parity and stage of lactation of high-performance Holstein-Friesian cows

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of parity and the stage of lactation on the metabolic profile of cows based on the basic chemical milk components and the blood parameters.Methods: The study material consisted of high-yielding Holstein-Friesian cows. In total, 473 cows were examined. According to the parity, cows were divided into four groups: primiparous (P), and multiparous in the second (M2), in the third (M3), and in subsequent lactations (M4). The feeding of cows was based on total mixed ration (TMR) <i>ad libitum</i>. Milk and blood samples were collected individually from each cow three times per standard lactation period.Results: Greater exacerbation of changes in the dynamics of the blood plasma parameters examined was proved for multiparous cows. The highest value of β-hydroxybutyrate acid (0.946 mmol/L) was found for multiparous cows from group M3 at the beginning of lactation. However, it was still in the normal range. The results showed aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities in dairy cows during lactation had significant variations taking in to account stage of lactation. The highest activity of GGT was found in the group of the oldest cows and measured from 26.36 U/L at the beginning of lactation to 48.75 U/L at the end of the lactation period.Conclusion: The time-related changes in the concentrations of the biochemical parameters described differ markedly among lactating cows, though the housing conditions on the research dairy farm are highly standardised. This indicates that the ability to cope with metabolic stress is mainly affected by the individual predispositions of cows and feed nutrient supply in different stage of lactation. Especially, the feed nutrient supply (in net energy for lactation), which was the best in TMR 1 in comparison TMR 3.

Antioxidant potential of milk obtained from Holstein-Friesian cows with regard to the subsequent lactations and stage of lactation

“…In turn, a downward tendency in the total protein content accompanied by an increase in the fat level was observed in the subsequent lactations. Similar relationships were confirmed by other authors as well (Kuczyńska et al, 2021). The amount of produced milk decreased significantly (p≤0.01) in the consecutive lactation stages.…”

Impact of corn silage substitution for dry alfalfa on milk fatty acid profile, nitrogen utilization, plasma biochemical markers, rumen fermentation, and antioxidant capacity in Mahabadi lactating goats

“…The variation in milk compositions during different weeks of lactation is consistent with previous studies. The higher milk fat-to-protein ratio observed in the sixth week of lactation may be attributed to adipose tissue mobilization and an enhanced supply of fatty acids for milk fat synthesis ( Kuczyńska et al., 2021 ). El-Tarabany et al.…”

Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors Affecting Test Day Milk Yield and Milk Composition Traits in Crossbred Dairy Cattle in Ethiopia

“…Lactation stages were grouped into early (≤ 100 days), mid (101-200 days), late (201-305 days), and extended lactation (>305 days) (Lambert et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2016;Niozas et al, 2019;Sehested et al, 2019). Lactation numbers of cows were divided into four groups: 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , and 4 th and above (Yang et al, 2016;Sahu et al, 2018;Kuczyńska et al, 2021). All lactation numbers four and above were pooled together.…”