Metabolic Predictors of Inflammation, Adhesion, and Coagulability in Healthy Younger‐aged Adults

Abstract

Elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers are associated with the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases and are predictors of cardiovascular events. The objective of this study was to determine the unique contributions of metabolic factors as predictors of inflammation (C‐reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6)), adhesion (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1)), and coagulation (D‐dimer) in healthy younger‐aged adults. Participants were 83 women and 92 men (mean age 30.04 years, s.d. ± 4.8, range 22–39) of normal weight to moderate obese weight (mean BMI 24.4 kg/m2, s.d. ± 3.35, range 17–32). The primary data analytical approaches included Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression. Circulating levels of CRP, IL‐6, sICAM‐1, and D‐dimer were determined in plasma. Higher levels of CRP were independently associated with higher BMI, a greater waist‐to‐hip ratio, female gender, and higher triglycerides (P < 0.001). Higher IL‐6 levels were independently associated with a greater waist‐to‐hip ratio (P < 0.01). Higher levels of sICAM‐1 were independently associated with higher BMI, higher triglycerides, and lower insulin resistance (P < 0.001). Higher D‐dimer levels were independently associated with higher BMI and being female (P < 0.001). Having a higher BMI was most consistently associated with elevated biomarkers of inflammation, adhesion, and coagulation in this sample of healthy younger‐aged adults, although female gender, insulin resistance, and lipid levels were also related to the biomarkers. The findings provide insight into the adverse cardiovascular risk associated with elevated body weight in younger adults.

Drinking carrot juice increases total antioxidant status and decreases lipid peroxidation in adults

“…The lack of effect from drinking carrot juice on the plasma inflammatory markers as well as insulin and leptin may have been because insulin, leptin, interleukin-1α, and C-reactive protein were all within normal ranges. Our report is inconsistent with an earlier finding suggesting that elevated C-reactive protein was independently associated with higher BMI and higher triglycerides [ 45 ]. However, our results are consistent with those who reported that the mean values of cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol were not affected by increased C-reactive protein and insulin in obese women when compared to normal weight controls suggesting that the increase in inflammatory markers have no effect on lipid panel status [ 46 ].…”

Individual and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Inflammation in Mexican American Women

“…Circulating levels of plasma CRP, IL-6, and sICAM-1 were determined by multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with two sets of internal controls (Meso Scale Discovery Pro-Inflammatory I Panel, with Sector Imager 2400, Gaithersburg, Maryland). Inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation were < 10% (50). …”

Domains of Chronic Stress, Lifestyle Factors, and Allostatic Load in Middle-Aged Mexican-American Women

“…Circulating levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α were determined in non-freeze thawed samples by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MSD, Gaithersburg, Maryland). The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation are less than 5% and 8%, respectively [58]. Urinary cortisol levels were determined by a commercial radioimmunoassay (Diagnostic Products Corporation, Los Angeles, CA), with intra- and inter-assay CVs of <4% and <7%, respectively.…”