Metabolic Obesity in People with Normal Body Weight (MONW)—Review of Diagnostic Criteria

Pluta, Waldemar; Dudzińska, Wioleta; Lubkowska, Anna

doi:10.3390/ijerph19020624

Cited by 30 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…The prevalence of MONW features among the population is increasingly common and could be a health concern in the near future [ 34 , 35 ]. One of the main causes involved in the appearance of this phenotype is the intake of unbalanced diets [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal Treatment with Leptin, but Not Celastrol, Protects from Metabolically Obese, Normal-Weight Phenotype in Rats

et al. 2022

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Perinatal nutrition has a well-known influence on obesity susceptibility. We previously demonstrated the protective anti-obesity effects of perinatal leptin administration. Celastrol is a natural compound acting as a leptin sensitizer with anti-obesity effects when administered in adult animals. Here, we aimed to determine if perinatal treatment with leptin, celastrol, or their combination was able to improve metabolic health in animals fed an isocaloric high-fat (HF) diet. Leptin and/or celastrol or their vehicle were administered orally to rats during the suckling period. After weaning, animals were chronically pair-fed with an HF diet provided isocaloric to the intake of a normal-fat diet by control animals to avoid obesity. Isocaloric HF feeding in vehicle-treated animals resulted in metabolic features characteristic of the metabolically obese, normal-weight (MONW) phenotype, i.e., obesity-related disturbances without increased body weight. Leptin treatment prevented liver fat deposition and insulin resistance, induced greater insulin and leptin signaling capacity, decreased gene expression of orexigenic signals at the hypothalamic level, and induced browning in retroperitoneal adipose tissue. However, celastrol treatment did not provide any protective effect and resulted in greater size of the retroperitoneal adipose depot, higher circulating glucose and insulin levels, and decreased leptin sensitivity capacity in adipose tissue. The co-administration of leptin ameliorated the negative effects of celastrol on the retroperitoneal depot, inducing browning and decreasing its size. In conclusion, the perinatal administration of leptin, but not celastrol, provided protection against the consequences of dietary unbalances leading to an MONW phenotype in adulthood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal Treatment with Leptin, but Not Celastrol, Protects from Metabolically Obese, Normal-Weight Phenotype in Rats

et al. 2022

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“…Risk-scoring algorithms for undiagnosed diabetes are also available 43 , but there is no such approach for the main risk factors of type 2 diabetes, i.e., overweight, obesity, and MetS. The purpose of screening such conditions resides in well-established data about their preventability with adopting healthy lifestyle behaviours 44 and because people of normal weight are not always metabolically healthy 45 and at the opposite, the obesity phenotype can associate with no or little evidence of metabolic dysfunction 46 . We have exploited the potential of non-invasive, quantitative, and objective ERG by introducing a new and simple modality to record spontaneous activity of the retina and combined it with a supervised machine learning-based model to predict early risk factors of DR. Our data support the robustness of the random forest system in the screening of early risk factors for DR and imply its translation into clinical use thanks to automated platforms like the one we created (http://deepretinopathydx.inb.unam.mx/).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the end, light stimulation (0.7 ms flashes of 0.38 log cd.s/m 2 ; MGS-2 white Mini-Ganzfeld Stimulator, LKC Technologies) was given to confirm retina function. If no classical evoked response was seen 93 , data were discarded.Human data descriptionA total of 520 adult subjects aged between 30 and 80 years (mean:45.27 ± 0.82 years, 265 females), metabolically healthy or with overweight, obesity, MetS, or diabetes but no DR, were enrolled between February 26, 2015 and December 2019 and from September 2021 and June 17, 2022, in the Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology (IMO) of Querétaro (mean age: 51.39 ± 1.49 years, 27 females), between November 11 and December 20, 2019 and from January 6 and May 26, 2022, in the Instituto de la Retina del Bajío (INDEREB) in Querétaro (mean age: 32.98 ± 2.07 years, 24 females), between August 10, 2021 and March 20, 2022 in the Asociación Para Evitar la Ceguera (APEC) in Mexico city (mean age: 45.77 ± 1.20 years, 119 females), and between August 10, 2021 and May 31, 2022 in the Clínica de Salud Visual (CSV) at ENES León UNAM in León (mean age: 44.96 ± 0.84 years, 96 females). 375 (age mean: 46.01 ± 0.98 years, 180 females) completed all tests required for the current study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous electroretinogram signals to screen people with early risk factors for diabetic retinopathy

Imm

Muñoz-Benitez

Medina

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Given the ever-increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and obesity, the pressure on global healthcare is expected to be colossal, especially in terms of blindness. Electroretinogram (ERG) has long been perceived as a first-use technique for diagnosing eye diseases, but existing methods are insufficient to screen early risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Here, we introduce non-evoked ERG as a simple, fast modality to record spontaneous activity, from which we developed a single random forest-based model that predicts disease cases in rodent models of obesity and in people with overweight, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Classification performance was validated using a dataset from an independent eye center. Our algorithm can be coupled with different ERG sensors, including ones working with portative, non-mydriatic devices. Principal component and discriminant analysis suggest slow spontaneous ERG frequencies as main discriminators for our predictive model. Our study will facilitate the implementation of interventions for the prevention of overweight and obesity by providing a robust, quantitative, and non-invasive identification and follow-up approach, which should ultimately reduce DR incidence.

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“…A recent review reported the importance of early detection of metabolic obesity in patients with normal weight, in order to avoid undesirable consequences such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease or diabetes. Therefore, investigating this phenotype may represent another focus of our future research [46]. Moreover, no comparisons based on gender or age groups were performed and adjusting for confounders was difficult since the study cohort was relatively small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Phenotypes—The Game Changer in Quality of Life of Obese Patients?

et al. 2022

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Background: The present study aimed to investigate the association of obesity phenotypes and quality of life (QoL) scales and their relationship with fat mass (FM) parameters. Methods: This study categorized 104 subjects into 4 obesity phenotypes based on BMI and metabolic syndrome status: metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO), metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO), and metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUNO). Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and metabolic profile was characterized by blood samples. All subjects completed the SF-36 item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire. Results: Comparing the four obesity phenotypes, significant results were reported for Bodily Pain between MHNO/MUNO (p = 0.034), for Vitality between MHO/MUO (p = 0.024), and for Mental Component Score between MHO/MUO (p = 0.026) and MUO/MUNO (p = 0.003). A more thorough inside-groups analysis yielded a positive and moderate to high correlation between FM parameters and QoL scales in MHO and MHNO, while a negative and weak to moderate correlation was observed in MUO and MUNO. Conclusion: This study reported an inverse U-shaped relationship between FM and QoL in obesity phenotypes, suggesting that metabolic status is a key factor involved in modulating QoL and therefore challenging the idea of obesity as a main driver of low QoL. We recommend the inclusion of FM percentage in the definition of obesity phenotypes in future research, to better evaluate QoL of obesity phenotypes.

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Metabolic Obesity in People with Normal Body Weight (MONW)—Review of Diagnostic Criteria

Cited by 30 publications

References 126 publications

Perinatal Treatment with Leptin, but Not Celastrol, Protects from Metabolically Obese, Normal-Weight Phenotype in Rats

Perinatal Treatment with Leptin, but Not Celastrol, Protects from Metabolically Obese, Normal-Weight Phenotype in Rats

Spontaneous electroretinogram signals to screen people with early risk factors for diabetic retinopathy

Metabolic Phenotypes—The Game Changer in Quality of Life of Obese Patients?

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