Metabolic mechanisms and acetylcholinesterase sensitivity involved in tolerance to chlorpyrifos-ethyl in the earwig Forficula auricularia

Navenant, Adrien Le; Siegwart, Myriam; Maugin, Sandrine; Capowiez, Yvan; Rault, Magali

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.065

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Beside direct impacts, long term pesticide exposure is responsible for inducing tolerance to OP insecticides in F. auricularia (Le Navenant et al, 2019). Insecticide tolerance and/or resistance can be associated with fitness costs (Rivero et al, 2011), and this explains why susceptible genotypes increase in frequency when insecticide pressure is relaxed (Foster et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How lasting are the effects of pesticides on earwigs? A study based on energy metabolism, body weight and morphometry in two generations of Forficula auricularia from apple orchards

Navenant

Brouchoud

Capowiez

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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Widespread use of pesticides to control crop pests is still the dominant system in apple orchards. Therefore, to avoid adverse side effects, there is a growing interest in promoting alternative methods such as natural enemies. The European earwig Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera: Forficuidae) is an effective predator in apple orchards. Pesticide pressure has been shown to divert energy resources which could have a negative impact on life history traits. In this study we assessed (i) whether variations in pesticide exposure could differentially impact energy reserves, body weight and morphometric parameters of F. auricularia, and (ii) whether these effects last or not in the next generation reared under optimal conditions. Individuals from the first generation were collected in late October from organic, IPM and conventional orchards. The next generation was obtained under a rearing program, in the absence of pesticide exposure. Earwigs collected from conventional orchards exhibited lower values for all morphometric parameters compared to those collected in organic orchards. However, a relaxed period without pesticide exposure (in autumn) appears to have allowed the females to recover their energy reserves to ensure reproduction and maternal care. Glycogen contents are the reserves that were more easily restored. However, due to the rearing conditions (food ad libitum), all the earwigs from the second generation exhibited higher body weights and energy reserves than their parents. They finally reached the same level in these parameters regardless of the protection system from which their parents were collected. Sex-specific responses appeared to depend on earwig life cycle.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How lasting are the effects of pesticides on earwigs? A study based on energy metabolism, body weight and morphometry in two generations of Forficula auricularia from apple orchards

Navenant

Brouchoud

Capowiez

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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“…The European Earwig Forficula auricularia L. is a common Dermapteran in many agroecosystems worldwide and is well-known to exhibit multiple forms of maternal care (Albouy and Caussanel, 1990;Lamb, 1976;Orpet et al, 2019). It is considered an effective generalist predators of several pests such as aphids, leafrollers, and psyllids in pip-fruit orchards (Dib et al, 2010Lordan et al, 2015;Moerkens et al, 2011;Orpet et al, 2019;Sauphanor and Sureau, 1993) and data are available on the lethal and physiological effects (or absence of effects) of a number of pesticides commonly applied in crops and vineyards (Colvin and Cranshaw, 2010;ffrench-Constant and Vickerman, 1985;Le Navenant et al, 2019;Malagnoux et al, 2014;Orpet et al, 2019). Individuals of this non-target species (it is sometimes considered as a pest in North America; Colvin and Cranshaw, 2010) are nocturnal and may therefore encounter pesticides only in the form of residuals through direct contacts with (dried) treated surfaces (leaf and soil; Orpet et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal exposure to deltamethrin impairs maternal egg care in the European earwig Forficula auricularia

Meunier

Dufour²,

Meyel³

et al. 2020

Chemosphere

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The application of pesticides typically leads to lethal and sublethal exposure of non-target insects. Whereas our current understanding of these sublethal effects typically focuses on reproductive and physiological parameters, recent works emphasize that sublethal effects on behaviors such as maternal care could be of major importance in non-target species. However, it remained unknown whether these sublethal effects occur in insects. Here, we tested if exposure to sublethal doses of deltamethrin -a pyrethroid insecticide commonly used in crops -alters the expression of maternal egg care in females of the European earwig Forficula auricularia, a predator insect and pest control. Our results first reveal that deltamethrin exposure impaired the expression of three forms of maternal egg care: It decreased the likelihood of mothers to gather their otherwise scattered clutch of eggs, increased the time during which the female abandoned the clutch after a predator attack and reduced egg grooming duration. These sublethal effects did not reflect a lower activity of deltamethrin-exposed females, as these females increased their expression of self-grooming, and deltamethrin exposure did not affect females' exploration and mobility. Finally, we found that the negative effects of deltamethrin on egg care did not modify egg development, hatching rate and juvenile weight, possibly due to the transient effects of deltamethrin on maternal behaviors. Overall, our results reveal that sublethal exposure to a pesticide may diminish maternal egg care in a natural pest control and call for the integration of this measurement in assays on pesticides application.

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“…Our additional experiment conducting a chlorpyrifos‐methyl test by feeding exposure showed that chlorpyrifos‐methyl caused significantly higher mortality in earwigs from organic orchards where chlorpyrifos‐methyl has never been applied compared to earwigs from IPM orchards where chlorpyrifos‐methyl had been applied for at least 10 years. A recently published study found that chlorpyrifos ethyl (Pyrinex) applied by tarsal exposure caused significantly lower mortality in a population of European earwigs collected from conventional orchards than in a population from organic orchards 72 . Pest resistances to different pesticides are products of rapid evolution under strong selective pressures 73 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recently published study found that chlorpyrifos ethyl (Pyrinex) applied by tarsal exposure caused significantly lower mortality in a population of European earwigs collected from conventional orchards than in a population from organic orchards. 72 Pest resistances to different pesticides are products of rapid evolution under strong selective pressures. 73 Resistance to pesticides in beneficial arthropods (biocontrol agents) is desirable because it offers possibilities for effective plant protection by a combination of chemical and biological methods.…”

Section: Pesticides Experiments 421 Lethal Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera) in orchards: Monitoring seasonal activity, the effect of pesticides, and the perception of European fruit growers on its role as a predator or pest

Niedobová

Skalský

Ouředníčková

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND We investigated several aspects that could affect the role of the European earwig (Forficula auricularia) as a generalist predator in orchards: (i) seasonal activity in apple orchards, (ii) effectiveness of two cardboard trap types (roll vs tape) to enhance earwig densities, (iii) the effect of pesticides (chlorpyrifos‐methyl, spinosad, indoxacarb, spirotetramat, pirimicarb, sulphur, fluopyram tebuconazole) on earwig survival and behaviour, and (iv) the perception of European fruit growers of the earwigs’ role as a predator or pest. RESULTS The highest activity of earwigs in apple trees was observed in summer. Roll traps were a more effective capture method than tape traps. The roll traps also significantly increased earwig abundances in trees. Only the earwigs exposed to the insecticides indoxacarb, spinosad and chlorpyrifos‐methyl had significantly higher mortality and more erratic behaviour than earwigs from the control treatment. Earwigs from orchards with long‐term (>10 years) application of chlorpyrifos‐methyl had significantly lower mortality when exposed to this insecticide than earwigs from nonsprayed orchards. The fruit growers perceived earwigs as natural enemies of aphids and psyllids but also as pests. However, they regarded the damage caused by earwigs as economically unimportant without the necessity for management against them. CONCLUSION Fruit growers can increase earwig densities by installing rolled cardboard bands around trees. The highest seasonal activity of European earwigs coincides with applications of insecticides in orchards. This could disturb the earwigs' potential to suppress pest populations because several insecticides widely used in orchards have lethal and sublethal effects on earwigs even though they seem to develop some degree of pesticide resistance over time. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Metabolic mechanisms and acetylcholinesterase sensitivity involved in tolerance to chlorpyrifos-ethyl in the earwig Forficula auricularia

Cited by 14 publications

References 72 publications

How lasting are the effects of pesticides on earwigs? A study based on energy metabolism, body weight and morphometry in two generations of Forficula auricularia from apple orchards

How lasting are the effects of pesticides on earwigs? A study based on energy metabolism, body weight and morphometry in two generations of Forficula auricularia from apple orchards

Sublethal exposure to deltamethrin impairs maternal egg care in the European earwig Forficula auricularia

Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera) in orchards: Monitoring seasonal activity, the effect of pesticides, and the perception of European fruit growers on its role as a predator or pest

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