Metabolic involvement in acid-mediated extension growth of maize coleoptiles

Ding, Bao-Lian; Schöpfer, Peter

doi:10.1093/jxb/48.3.721

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, there is evidence that auxin‐induced growth is not accompanied by a drop in growth‐efficient cell‐wall pH sufficient for inducing ‘acid growth’ in coleoptiles (Kutschera and Schopfer, 1985; Schopfer, 1993). In addition, in contrast to acid‐induced wall loosening in vitro , acid‐induced growth in vivo can be suppressed by metabolic inhibitors such as cyanide and azide (Ding and Schopfer, 1997). This contradicts the notion that the ‘acid‐growth’ response can be simply explained by acid‐induced activation of expansins in the wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxyl radical‐induced cell‐wall loosening in vitro and in vivo: implications for the control of elongation growth

2001

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SummaryHydroxyl radicals (OH) are capable of unspeci®cally cleaving cell-wall polysaccharides in a site-speci®c reaction. I investigated the hypothesis that cell-wall loosening underlying the elongation growth of plant organs is controlled by apoplastically produced OH attacking load-bearing cell-wall matrix polymers. Isolated cell walls (operationally, frozen/thawed, abraded segments from coleoptiles or hypocotyls, respectively) from maize, cucumber, soybean, sun¯ower or Scots pine seedlings were pre-loaded with catalytic Cu or Fe ions and then incubated in a mixture of ascorbate + H 2 O 2 for generating OH in the walls. This treatment induced irreversible wall extension (creep) in walls stretched in an extensiometer. The reaction could be promoted by acid pH and inhibited by several OH scavengers. Generation of OH by the same reaction in living coleoptile or hypocotyl segments caused elongation growth. Auxininduced elongation growth of maize coleoptiles could be inhibited by OH scavengers. Auxin promoted the production of superoxide radicals (O 2 ± ), an OH precursor, in the growth-controlling outer epidermis of maize coleoptiles. It is concluded that OH ful®ls basic criteria for a wall-loosening factor acting in auxin-mediated elongation growth of plant species with widely differing cell-wall polysaccharide compositions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxyl radical‐induced cell‐wall loosening in vitro and in vivo: implications for the control of elongation growth

2001

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“…Metraux and Taiz (1977) and Taiz et al (1981) in Nitella, and Tepfer and Cleland (1979) in the chlorophyte alga Valonia, report no effect of boiling the walls on the ability of acidic media to promote elongation. But oat coleoptiles that were boiled (Tepfer and Cleland 1979) or maize coleoptiles that were exposed to metabolic inhibitors or destruction of the protoplast (Ding and Schopfer 1997) lost their responses to acid. Boiling cucumber hypocotyls for 15 min or exposing them to proteases irreversibly inhibited wall extension (Cosgrove 1989).…”

Section: Nature Of Growth-controlling Bondsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell wall biosynthesis and the molecular mechanism of plant enlargement

Boyer¹

2009

Functional Plant Biol.

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Abstract.Recently discovered reactions allow the green alga Chara corallina (Klien ex. Willd., em. R.D.W.) to grow well without the benefit of xyloglucan or rhamnogalactan II in its cell wall. Growth rates are controlled by polygalacturonic acid (pectate) bound with calcium in the primary wall, and the reactions remove calcium from these bonds when new pectate is supplied. The removal appears to occur preferentially in bonds distorted by wall tension produced by the turgor pressure (P). The loss of calcium accelerates irreversible wall extension if P is above a critical level. The new pectate (now calcium pectate) then binds to the wall and decelerates wall extension, depositing new wall material on and within the old wall. Together, these reactions create a non-enzymatic but stoichiometric link between wall growth and wall deposition. In green plants, pectate is one of the most conserved components of the primary wall, and it is therefore proposed that the acceleration-deceleration-wall deposition reactions are of wide occurrence likely to underlie growth in virtually all green plants. C. corallina is one of the closest relatives of the progenitors of terrestrial plants, and this review focuses on the pectate reactions and how they may fit existing theories of plant growth.

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“…Coleoptile segments killed by freezing/thawing were subjected to a stretching load of 40 g in a custom-built constant-force extensiometer (Ding and Schopfer 1997). After a pre-incubation with 1 mM FeSO 4 in 50 mM Na-succinate buer (pH 6.0) the solution was replaced by 10 mM H 2 O 2 + 10 mM Na-ascorbate in the same buer.…”

Section: Determination Of Cell Wall Extensibility and Elongation Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 3 summarizes the results of corresponding experiments with a number of additional inhibitors known to interfere with peroxidase activity (Halliwell and Gutteridge 1989;Chen and Schopfer 1999) or NAD(P)H oxidase activity (Cakmak 2000), or to act as O ÁÀ 2 or Á OH scavengers (Beyer and Fridovich 1989;Halliwell and Gutteridge 1989;Zancany et al 1995;Cakmak 2000). The eect of these substances on the acid-induced growth response of coleoptile segments (Ding and Schopfer 1997) was determined in parallel experiments in order to test for unspeci®c growth inhibition (Table 3). These data show that auxin-induced growth can be suppressed by compounds inhibiting the Table 2 Eect of inhibitors of peroxidase (KCN, NaN 3 ), NAD(P)H oxidase (ZnCl 2 ) and scavengers of O ÁÀ 2 (CuCl 2 , SOD), H 2 O 2 (KI) or Á OH (desferrioxamine, thiourea) on Á OH production by maize coleoptile segments.…”

Section: Eect Of Inhibitors Of Reactive-oxygen Production On Auxin-mementioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence that hydroxyl radicals mediate auxin-induced extension growth

Schöpfer

Liszkay

Bechtold

et al. 2002

Planta

274

176

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Reactive oxygen intermediates, i.e. the superoxide radical (O*-)(2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the hydroxyl radical (*OH), are generally regarded as harmful products of oxygenic metabolism causing cell damage in plants, animals and microorganisms. However, oxygen radical chemistry may also play a useful role in polymer breakdown leading to wall loosening during extension growth of plant cells controlled by the phytohormone auxin. Backbone cleavage of cell wall polysaccharides can be accomplished in vitro by (*OH) produced from H2O2 in a Fenton reaction or in a reaction catalyzed by peroxidase supplied with O2 and NADH. Here, we show that coleoptile growth of maize seedlings is accompanied by the release of reactive oxygen intermediates in the cell wall. Auxin promotes release of (O*-)(2) and subsequent generation of (*OH)when inducing elongation growth. Experimental generation of (*OH) in the wall causes an increase in wall extensibility in vitro and replaces auxin in inducing growth. Auxin-induced growth can be inhibited by scavengers of (O*-)(2), H2O2 or (*OH), or inhibitors interfering with the formation of these molecules in the cell wall. These results provide the experimental background for a novel hypothesis on the mechanism of plant cell growth in which (*OH), produced from (O*-)(2) and H2O2 by cell wall peroxidase, acts as a wall-loosening agent.

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Metabolic involvement in acid-mediated extension growth of maize coleoptiles

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Hydroxyl radical‐induced cell‐wall loosening in vitro and in vivo: implications for the control of elongation growth

Hydroxyl radical‐induced cell‐wall loosening in vitro and in vivo: implications for the control of elongation growth

Cell wall biosynthesis and the molecular mechanism of plant enlargement

Evidence that hydroxyl radicals mediate auxin-induced extension growth

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