Metabolic Inhibition of Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes in Fulminant Hepatic Failure

Bailey, R.J.; Cullens, H.; Woolf, I. L.; Williams, Roger

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(76)91546-4

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Additionally, impaired neutrophil function as a result of corticosteroid therapy or liver disease per se may render these patients susceptible to MRSA [10]. Specific defects associated with granulocyte function, such as decreased chemotaxis and impaired phagocytosis-associated burst activity, have been documented in the presence of liver disease [19,20]. Indeed, it has been noted that patients with liver disease are more susceptible to MRSA infection than are other patients [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: The Other Emerging Resistant Gram-Positive Coccus among Liver Transplant Recipients

Singh¹,

Paterson²,

Chang³

et al. 2000

Clinical Infectious Diseases

143

108

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We undertook a study of the characteristics and clinical impact of infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) after liver transplantation. Of 165 patients who received liver transplants at our institution from 1990 through 1998, 38 (23%) developed MRSA infections. The predominant sources of infection were vascular catheters (39%; n=15), wound (18%; n=7), abdomen (18%; n=7), and lung (13%; n=5). A significant increase in MRSA infections (as a percentage of transplant patients infected per year) occurred over time (P=.0001). This increase was greater among intensive care unit patients (P=.001) than among nonintensive care unit hospital patients (P=.17). Cytomegalovirus seronegativity (P=.01) and primary cytomegalovirus infection were significantly associated with MRSA infections (P=.005). Thirty-day mortality among patients with MRSA infections was 21% (8/38). Mortality was 86% in patients with bacteremic MRSA pneumonia or abdominal infection and 6% in those with catheter-related bacteremia (P=.004). Thus the incidence of MRSA infection has increased exponentially among our liver transplant recipients since 1990. These infections have unique risk factors, time of onset, and a significant difference in site-specific mortality; deep-seated bacteremic infections, in particular, portend a grave outcome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: The Other Emerging Resistant Gram-Positive Coccus among Liver Transplant Recipients

Singh¹,

Paterson²,

Chang³

et al. 2000

Clinical Infectious Diseases

143

108

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“…75 Reduced complement levels as well as defects in Fcy-receptors on mononuclear cells may contribute to decreased opsonic activity. [76][77][78] In patients with cirrhosis, low ascites complement levels correlate with decreased opsonic activity, decreased bactericidal activity and increased risk for SBP. 79,80 Also, low serum C3 levels independently predict infection and correlate with a poor liver synthetic function.…”

Section: Innate Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial translocation (BT) in cirrhosis

Wiest¹,

2005

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“…The results do indicate how defects in leu cocyte function might arise. There is cer tainly a defect in HMP shunt activity in leu cocytes from patients with fulminant hepatic failure due to paracetamol poisoning [1], and in acute uraemia and some patients wtih alcoholic cirrhosis [16]. Conversely there can be metabolic adaptation because HMP shunt activity is increased in chronic uraemia and in leucocytes of patients with obstructive jaundice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymorphs that are deficient in NADPH oxidase (as in chronic granulomatous dis ease) or in MPO, neutrophiles that cannot produce hydrogen peroxide or those that have a defect in hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt activity show defective iodina tion and bactericidal capacity [6], Already one study in acute hepatic necrosis has shown defective HMP shunt activity [1], In this study an assessment of simple tests for the study of leucocyte function and their possible impairment in jaundice or uraemia has been made by examining glucose utilisa tion by the HMP shunt, the ability of cells to take up l4C-leucine [12], and their ca pacity for iodination [7]. MPO and leuco cyte esterase were also quantitated, and a study was also made of the effects of poten tial toxins on the former and on the related enzyme microperoxidase that is an integral part of cytochrome c.…”

Section: H2o2 + I ------------►Oi-+ H2omentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorph Leucocyte Function in Uraemia and Jaundice

Wardle¹,

Williams²

1980

Acta Haematol

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Biochemical measures of leucocyte function have been examined using cells from patients with jaundice or uraemia in order to elucidate how toxins might affect those cells and vital enzymes such as NADPH oxidase, myeloperoxidase and esterases. Indices of function were depressed in fulminant hepatic failure, in acute uraemia and in some cases of alcoholic cirrhosis. Conversely there seemed to be an adaptive enzyme increase in chronic uraemia and obstructive jaundice. The toxins which affect leucocyte iodination and myeloperoxidase have been defined.

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Metabolic Inhibition of Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes in Fulminant Hepatic Failure

Cited by 40 publications

References 8 publications

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: The Other Emerging Resistant Gram-Positive Coccus among Liver Transplant Recipients

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: The Other Emerging Resistant Gram-Positive Coccus among Liver Transplant Recipients

Bacterial translocation (BT) in cirrhosis

Polymorph Leucocyte Function in Uraemia and Jaundice

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