Metabolic hormones in human breast milk are preserved by high hydrostatic pressure processing but reduced by Holder pasteurization

Marousez, Lucie; Tran, Léa Chantal; Micours, Edwina; Lamballerie, Marie de; Gottrand, F.; Pierrat, Véronique; Eberlé, Delphine; Ley, Delphine; Lésage, Jean

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131957

Cited by 12 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The mean nesfatin-1 level in the milk samples was 7.25 ng/mL, but there was wide individual variation. Three previous studies have analyzed nesfatin-1 levels in human milk [ 17 , 19 , 26 ]. These studies report a large variation in mean levels ranging from 0.27 to 450 ng/mL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These information’s are missing in one or more of the studies. All the studies [ 17 , 19 , 26 ] including the present, analyzed nesfatin-1 levels in milk samples using commercial ELISA kits, but from different companies. A 10-fold difference in ghrelin levels has been reported depending on the company producing the ELISA kits [ 27 ] and this could explain some of the variation in nesfatin-1 levels across the studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nesfatin-1 in Human Milk and Its Association with Infant Anthropometry

et al. 2022

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Breastfed infants have different growth patterns to formula-fed infants and are less likely to develop obesity later in life. Nesfatin-1 is an anorexigenic adipokine that was discovered in human milk more than a decade ago, and its role in infant appetite regulation is not clear. Our aim was to describe nesfatin-1 levels in human milk collected 3–4 months postpartum, associations with infant anthropometry, and factors (maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (mBMI), high weight gain during pregnancy, milk fat, and energy content) possibly influencing nesfatin-1 levels. We hypothesized that nesfatin-1 levels in mother’s milk would differ for infants that were large (high weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ)) or small (low WAZ) at the time of milk sample collection. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the nesfatin-1 concentration in milk samples from mothers to high WAZ (n = 50) and low WAZ (n = 50) infants. We investigated associations between nesfatin-1 levels and infant anthropometry at 3–4 months of age and growth since birth, using linear regression adjusted for mBMI, birth weight, infant sex, and exclusivity of breastfeeding. We found no difference in nesfatin-1 levels between the two groups and no association with infant anthropometry, even after adjusting for potential confounders. However, high nesfatin-1 levels were correlated with low mBMI. Future research should investigate serum nesfatin-1 level in both mothers, infants and associations with growth in breastfed children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nesfatin-1 in Human Milk and Its Association with Infant Anthropometry

et al. 2022

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“…After thawing of milk samples, 8 different batches of DM were created by mixing various volumes of all DM samples, primarily in order to homogenize breast milk composition. Three aliquots of DM were prepared for each batch: one fraction was stored at −80 °C without any other treatment (raw milk sample (RM)); one fraction was subjected to HoP according to the standard pasteurization protocol (62.5 °C for 30min); the last fraction was subjected to HHP processing as previously described [ 12 ]. The set of HHP parameters was as follows: pressure = 350 MPa, temperature = 38 °C, VA (application rate) = 1 MPa.s −1 , number of cycles = 4 cycles, duration of each cycle = 5 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) may be an innovative method for the treatment of DM. Indeed, recent data have demonstrated that HHP maintains numerous bioactive factors, such as immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, milk lipase, oligosaccharides and several hormones at levels close to raw milk [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Assessment of Antioxidant Potential of Human Milk Treated by Holder Pasteurization or High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing: A Preliminary Study on Intestinal and Hepatic Markers in Adult Mice

et al. 2022

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Preterm infants are highly susceptible to oxidative stress due to an imbalance between endogenous oxidant and antioxidant systems. In addition, these newborns are frequently fed with donor milk (DM) treated by Holder pasteurization (HoP) at 62.5 °C for 30 min, which is known to alter numerous heat-sensitive factors, including some antioxidants. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing was recently proposed as an innovative method for the treatment of DM. The present study aimed to measure the redox balance of HoP- and HHP-DM and to study, in vivo, the effects of HoP- and HHP-DM on the gut and liver. H2O2, vitamin A and vitamin E (α- and γ-tocopherols) concentrations, as well as the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), were measured in raw-, HoP- and HHP-DM. The gene expression level of antioxidant systems and inflammatory response were quantified in the ileum and liver of adult mice after 7 days of oral administration of HoP- or HHP-DM. HoP reduced the γ-tocopherol level, whereas HHP treatment preserved all vitamins close to the raw milk level. The milk H2O2 content was reduced by HHP but not by HoP. The total antioxidant capacity of DM was reduced after HHP processing measured by PAOT-Liquid® technology but was unaffected after measurement by ORAC assay. In mice, HHP-DM administration induced a stimulation of antioxidant defenses and reduced some inflammatory markers in both the ileum and liver compared to HoP-DM treatment. Our preliminary study suggests that the HHP processing of DM may better protect preterm infants from gut and liver pathologies compared to HoP, which is currently used in most human milk banks.

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“…Thus, adipose tissue cells are also involved in a feedback loop that perpetuates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These feedback loops explain why obesity is associated with chronic pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and with abnormal cytokine production and increased acute phase reactive factors and show why obesity increases the risk of developing inflammatory diseases and why it leads to immune dysfunction [ 30 ].…”

Section: Molecular Effect Of Leptinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin in Human Milk—One of the Key Regulators of Nutritional Programming

et al. 2022

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Breast milk is the optimal food for infants and toddlers, providing basic nutrients. It is also a source of many biologically active substances. Among them are hormones responsible for metabolic balance. One of the hormones taken in with breast milk by a breastfed baby is leptin. This hormone is involved in the regulation of appetite, informing the brain about the body’s energy resources. Having the correct mechanisms related to the action of leptin is a factor reducing the risk of obesity. The natural presence of leptin in the composition of breast milk suggests that it has a specific role in shaping the health of a breastfed child. Obesity as a disease of civilization affects more and more people, including children. The development of this disease is multifaceted and determined by many factors, including genetic and environmental factors such as eating habits and low physical activity. Behind obesity, there are complex mechanisms in which many elements of the human body are involved. Understanding the effects of breastfeeding as a natural source of leptin can help prevent childhood obesity and development of this disease in future life.

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Metabolic hormones in human breast milk are preserved by high hydrostatic pressure processing but reduced by Holder pasteurization

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Nesfatin-1 in Human Milk and Its Association with Infant Anthropometry

Nesfatin-1 in Human Milk and Its Association with Infant Anthropometry

In Vivo Assessment of Antioxidant Potential of Human Milk Treated by Holder Pasteurization or High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing: A Preliminary Study on Intestinal and Hepatic Markers in Adult Mice

Leptin in Human Milk—One of the Key Regulators of Nutritional Programming

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