Metabolic fingerprinting allows discrimination between Ulmus pumila and U. minor, and between U. minor clones of different susceptibility to Dutch elm disease

Martín, J.A; Solla, Alejandro; Coimbra, Manuel A.; Gil, Luis

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.2007.00542.x

Cited by 37 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Elm tolerance to O. novo-ulmi has been shown to be inheritable (Townsend 2000, Solla et al 2014, Venturas et al 2014) and polygenic (quantitative) in nature (Aoun et al 2010). It also depends on constitutive and inducible mechanisms of defence (e.g., Martín et al 2007Martín et al , 2008bMartín et al , 2013. In addition, the defense mechanisms of elms to O. novo-ulmi seem to differ between genotypes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the experience of the Spanish elm breeding programme, the high level of polymorphism obtained with the microsatellites selected allows rigorous identification of each clone. 196 196 196 196 194 196 194 198 196 196 196 196 194 194 The Spanish programme aimed to directly control DED (Solla & Gil 2003, Martín et al 2010b, Vivas et al 2012) and gain a better understanding of tolerance through new techniques (Martín et al 2005(Martín et al , 2007(Martín et al , 2008a. One of its medium-term priorities is to increase the genetic diversity of tolerant native elms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seven Ulmus minor clones tolerant to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi registered as forest reproductive material in Spain

Martín¹,

Solla²,

Venturas³

et al. 2015

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionIn the first half of the 20 th century, the first Dutch elm disease (DED) pandemic caused a massive loss of elms in Europe and North America. The much more aggressive O. novo-ulmi Brasier took the place of the causal agent, Ophiostoma ulmi (Buisman) Nannf., in the second half of the century. The second pathogen has caused the disappearance of adult elms in many European and North American locations (Brasier & Kirk 2010). O. novo-ulmi is almost impossible to control through chemical, biological or silvicultural methods due to its high virulence and highly effective transmission via small beetles of the Scolytus and Hylorgopinus genera (Webber 2000). Tolerant elm genotype selection and breeding has been the most successful strategy for elm recovery, particularly in urban environments , 2011, Solla et al. 2005a. The Spanish elm breeding and conservation programme began in 1986 as the result of an agreement between the Spanish Environmental Administration and the Technical University of Madrid School of Forestry Engineering. Its two main objectives were to conserve remaining elm genetic resources and to transmit their variability to future generations of tolerant elms obtained through breeding; i.e., hybridisation of selected progenitors (native or tolerant Asian elms) to obtain tolerant trees with the appearance of native elm species.The first elm breeding programme began in the Netherlands in 1928 (Heybroek 1993) and was followed by several programmes in the United States and various European countries Santini et al. 2011, Buiteveld et al. 2014. As a result of crossing these species with native elms, a wide range of hybrid clones of varying tolerance levels and genetic backgrounds is now available on the market. The Spanish programme took advantage of the knowledge, methodologies and plant materials previously developed by the Dutch and Italian programmes. In the first 14 years, U. pumila was used as the main source of resistance, giving rise to 10 crossings tolerant to O. novo-ulmi (Solla et al. 2000). The tolerance of these crossings was tested in clone replicates (N > 16) over several years at various locations, and clone adaptation to different environments in Spain was evaluated. Five crossings with Asian background were recently selected to be released onto the market for ornamental use.In the 1990s the Spanish programme included some native elms, mainly U. minor, in the O. novo-ulmi susceptibility trials. In the following decade the programme focused mainly on selecting native elms. This new strategy complied with European and Spanish legislation governing the quality and genetic background of forest reproductive materials for production and marketing. In the European Union, forest reproductive materials are governed by Council Directive © SISEF http://www.sisef.it/iforest/ 172 iForest (2015) 8: 172-180

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seven Ulmus minor clones tolerant to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi registered as forest reproductive material in Spain

Martín¹,

Solla²,

Venturas³

et al. 2015

iForest

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“…The experiment included 42 ramets of the U. minor clone UPM171, used because of its high susceptibility to O. novo-ulmi (Martín et al, 2008a). The clone was propagated in 2004 by root cuttings at the Forest Breeding Centre in Puerta de Hierro (Madrid, Spain) and the ramets were grown in 30 L pots containing perlite and peat (1:1, v/v), and irrigated to field capacity when required.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathogen was isolated in 2002 from an U. minor tree growing in Majorca island (Spain), maintained on 2% Oxoid malt extract agar (MEA) in Petri dishes at 4 °C in the dark, and was subcultured at 3-month intervals. The inoculum consisted of a spore suspension prepared in Tchernoff's liquid medium, adjusted with water to 10 6 spores mL -1 (Martín et al, 2008a).…”

Section: Fungal Pathogens and Inoculum Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating methyl jasmonate for induction of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum, F. circinatum and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi

et al. 2012

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Damping off is probably the most common disease affecting seedlings in forest nurseries. In south-western Europe, the pitch canker and the Dutch elm disease cause relevant economic looses in forests, mostly in adult trees. The ability of the chemical plant elicitor methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to induce resistance in Pinus pinaster against Fusarium oxysporum and F. circinatum, and in Ulmus minor against Ophiostoma novo-ulmi was examined. In a first experiment, an aqueous solution of MeJA 5 mM was applied to P. pinaster seeds by immersion or spray, and different concentrations of MeJA (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mM) were tested in seedlings before inoculations with F. oxysporum (10 5 and 10 7 spores mL -1 ). In a second experiment, 6-months-old P. pinaster seedlings were sprayed with 0 and 25 mM of MeJA, and later challenged with mycelium of F. circinatum. Finally, 4-year-old U. minor trees were sprayed with 0, 50 and 100 mM of MeJA and subsequently inoculated with O. novo-ulmi (10 6 spores mL -1 ). MeJA did not protect P. pinaster seeds and seedlings against F. oxysporum, probably because plants were too young for the physiological mechanisms responsible for resistance to be induced. Based on the morphological changes observed in the treated 6-months-old P. pinaster seedlings (reduction of growth and increased resin duct density), there is evidence that MeJA could have activated the mechanisms of resistance. However, 25 mM MeJA did not reduce plant mortality, probably because the spread of the virulent F. circinatum strain within the tree tissues was faster than the formation of effective defense responses. Based on the lack of phenological changes observed in the treated elms, there is no evidence that MeJA would cause induction of resistance. These results suggest that the use of MeJA to prevent F. oxysporum and F. circinatum in P. pinaster seedlings in nurseries and O. novo-ulmi in U. minor trees should be discarded.

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“…4). High constitutive or rapidly inducible production of antifungal and occlusive chemical compounds (phenolic compounds, pectin, suberin, lignin, mansonones…) contributes to localize the pathogen near its entry point at the cost of proportionally few blocked vessels (Ouellette and Rioux 1992;Duchesne 1993;Martín et al 2008Martín et al , 2013. The differences in numerous xylem characteristics between tolerant individuals and susceptible ones are probably related to slower propagation of the pathogen in the former.…”

Section: Scientific Advances To Understand and Manipulate Resistance mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding and scientific advances in the fight against Dutch elm disease: Will they allow the use of elms in forest restoration?

et al. 2018

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Elms (Ulmus spp.) were once dominant trees in mixed broadleaf forests of many European territories, mainly distributed near rivers and streams or on floodplains. Since ancient times they have provided important services to humans, and several selected genotypes have been massively propagated and planted. Today elm populations are severely degraded due to the negative impact of human-induced changes in riparian ecosystems and the emergence of the highly aggressive Dutch elm disease pathogens. Despite the death of most large elm specimens, there is no evidence of genetic diversity loss in elm populations, probably due to their ability to resprout after disease. The recovery of elm populations from the remaining diversity should build from genomic tools that facilitate achievement of resistant elm clones. Research works to date have discerned the genetic diversity of elms and are well on the way to deciphering the genetic clues of elm resistance and pathogen virulence, key findings for addressing recovery of elm populations. Several tolerant clones suitable for use in urban and landscape planting have been obtained through traditional species hybridization with Asian elms, and various native clones have been selected and used in pilot forest restoration projects. Successful reintroduction of elms should also rely on a deeper understanding of elm ecology, in particular their resilience to abiotic and biotic disturbances. However, all these efforts would be in vain without the final acceptance of elm reintroduction by the social actors involved, making it necessary to evaluate and publicize the ecosystem services elms can provide for today's society.

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Metabolic fingerprinting allows discrimination between Ulmus pumila and U. minor, and between U. minor clones of different susceptibility to Dutch elm disease

Cited by 37 publications

References 32 publications

Seven Ulmus minor clones tolerant to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi registered as forest reproductive material in Spain

Seven Ulmus minor clones tolerant to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi registered as forest reproductive material in Spain

Evaluating methyl jasmonate for induction of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum, F. circinatum and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi

Breeding and scientific advances in the fight against Dutch elm disease: Will they allow the use of elms in forest restoration?

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