Metabolic fate of neutral human milk oligosaccharides in exclusively breast‐fed infants

Dotz, Viktoria; Rudloff, Silvia; Meyer, Christina; Lochnit, Günter; Kunz, Clemens

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201400160

Cited by 54 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…[29,30] In addition, using stable isotopes, in vivo 13 C-labelling of HMO via a 13 C-galactose bolus to breastfeeding mothers has shown that HMO, including 2´FL, can be detected in urine of their infants. [31][32][33][34] These results imply that 2´FL was absorbed, passed the liver and reached the peripheral circulation before being excreted via the kidney. Indeed, small amounts of 2´FL were detected in plasma of breastfed infants of secretor mothers but not in infants of non-secretor mothers or in formula-fed infants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Fate and Distribution of 2´‐Fucosyllactose: Direct Influence on Gut Microbial Activity but not on Brain

Kuntz

Borsch

Vázquez

et al. 2019

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope 2´‐Fucosyllactose (2´FL) is an abundant oligosaccharide in human milk. It is hypothesized that its brain enrichment is associated with improved learning. Accumulation of 2´FL in organs, biological fluids, and feces is assessed in wild‐type and germ‐free mice. Methods and results 13 C‐labelled 2´FL is applied to NMRI wild‐type mice intravenously (0.2 g kg −1 ) or orally (1 g kg −1 ), while controls receive saline. Biological samples are collected (0.5–15 h) and 13 C‐enrichment is measured by elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA‐IRMS). After oral application, 2´FL is primarily eliminated in the feces. 13 C‐enrichment in organs including the brain follows the same pattern as in plasma with a maximum peak after 5 h. However, 13 C‐enrichment is only detected when the 13 C‐2´FL bolus reaches the colon. In contrast, in germ‐free mice, the 13 C‐bolus remains in the intestinal content and is expelled via the feces. Furthermore, intravenously applied 13 C‐2´FL is eliminated via urine; no 13 C‐enrichment of organs is observed, suggesting that intact 2´FL is not retained. Conclusions 13 C‐enrichment in brain and other organs after oral application of 13 C‐2´FL in wild‐type mice indicates cleaved fucose or other gut microbial 2´FL metabolites may be incorporated, as opposed to intact 2´FL.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Fate and Distribution of 2´‐Fucosyllactose: Direct Influence on Gut Microbial Activity but not on Brain

Kuntz

Borsch

Vázquez

et al. 2019

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…It has also been speculated that they could exert some modulatory functions on the development of organs other than the gut. 23 …”

Section: Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human milk: composition and health benefits

2017

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Breastfeeding is widely acknowledged as the normal and unequalled method for feeding infants due to its associated health benefits, both for the infant and the mother. The World Health Organization recommends that infants are exclusively breastfed up to the completion of six months of age, with breastfeeding continuing to be an important part of the diet until the infant is at least two years old. The several health benefits associated with breastfeeding are driven by the combined action of the nutritional and bioactive components in human milk and the magnitude of the majority of the ascertained biological effects is directly dependent on breastfeeding duration. This review briefly summarizes the current knowledge on the composition of human milk and provides an overview on its functional effects on health outcomes, focusing on the latest research results.

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“…HMOs seem to be stable against an acidic pH and to remain undigested in the gastrointestinal tract due to the lack of the required human digestive enzymes. If HMOs reach the large intestine, they may be metabolized by the gut microbiota, favoring growth of commensal bacteria over pathogenic bacteria . It is now recognized that a healthy microbiota in the gut has a prominent impact on human health and provides benefits that go far beyond effects in the gastrointestinal tract.…”

Section: Functions Of Hmosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to their growth promoting effects on various microorganisms shown in many in vitro experiments, some HMOs diminish the ability of certain bacterial pathogens ( Escherichia coli , Vibrio cholerae , Salmonella fyris , Campylobacter jejuni , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and others) to bind to the intestinal epithelial cells in vitro, and can reduce frequency of the gastrointestinal infections . Given that approximately 1–2% of ingested HMOs are found unaltered in the urine and plasma of breastfed infants, it is highly anticipated that HMOs can exhibit not only local, but also systemic effects . Indeed, sialylated HMOs reduced leucocyte adhesion to tumor necrosis factor‐α‐activated endothelial cells and, hence, may possess anti‐inflammatory activities .…”

Section: Functions Of Hmosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If HMOs reach the large intestine, they may be metabolized by the gut microbiota, favoring growth of commensal bacteria over pathogenic bacteria. [28][29][30][31][32][33] It is now recognized that a healthy microbiota in the gut has a prominent impact on human health and provides benefits that go far beyond effects in the gastrointestinal tract. For instance, impairment of the gastrointestinal microbiota is associated with chronic activation of the immune system and HIV disease progression.…”

Section: Functions Of Hmosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Promising Antivirals

Morozov

Hansman

Hanisch

et al. 2018

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are diverse unconjugated carbohydrates that are highly abundant in human breast milk. These glycans are investigated in the context of exhibiting multiple functions in infant growth and development. They seem to provide protection against infectious diseases, including a number of poorly manageable viral infections. Although the potential mechanism of the HMO antiviral protection is rather broad, much of the current experimental work has focused on studying of HMO antiadhesive properties. HMOs may mimic structures of viral receptors and block adherence to target cells, thus preventing infection. Still, the potential of HMOs as a source for new antiviral drugs is relatively unexploited. This can be partly attributed to the extreme complexity of the virus-carbohydrate interactions and technical difficulties in HMO isolation, characterization, and manufacturing procedures. Fortunately, we are currently entering a period of major technological advances that have enabled deeper insights into carbohydrate mediated viral entry, rational selection of HMOs as anti-entry inhibitors, and even evaluation of individual synthetic HMO structures. Here, we provide an up-to-date review on glycan binding studies for rotaviruses, noroviruses, influenza viruses, and human immunodeficiency viruses. We also discuss the preventive and therapeutic potential of HMOs as anti-entry inhibitors and address challenges on the route from fundamental studies to clinical trials.

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Metabolic fate of neutral human milk oligosaccharides in exclusively breast‐fed infants

Abstract: Our study reveals new insights into the metabolism of neutral HMO in exclusively breast-fed infants and provides further indications for multiple factors influencing HMO metabolism and functions that should be considered in future in vivo investigations.

Cited by 54 publications

References 38 publications

Metabolic Fate and Distribution of 2´‐Fucosyllactose: Direct Influence on Gut Microbial Activity but not on Brain

Metabolic Fate and Distribution of 2´‐Fucosyllactose: Direct Influence on Gut Microbial Activity but not on Brain

Human milk: composition and health benefits

Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Promising Antivirals

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