Metabolic fate of hexabromobenzene in rats

Koss, G.; Döring, Hella; Würminghausen, Beatrix; Koransky, W.

doi:10.1016/0378-4274(82)90011-x

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Pentabromoanisole was also identified in faecal extracts, indicating the occurrence of an oxidative pathway leading to pentabromophenol. Another pathway, resulting in the substitution of bromine atoms by sulphur atoms, probably through glutathione conjugation, and leading to pentabromothiophenol and pentabromothioanisole, was also demonstrated (Koss et al, 1982). These metabolites were also detected in urine, but at much lower concentrations.…”

Section: Hazard Identificationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Female Wistar rats (number not reported) were administered HBB (16.6 mg/kg b.w.) by gavage in olive oil every other day for 2 weeks (Koss et al, 1982). Urine and faeces were collected within 24h after the last dose of HBB.…”

Section: Hazard Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…by gavage in olive oil every other day for 2 weeks (Koss et al, 1982). Urine and faeces were collected within 24h after the last dose of HBB.…”

Section: Hazard Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on Emerging and Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food

2012

EFS2

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EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on brominated flame retardants (BFRs) other than PBDEs, PBBs, HBCDDs, TBBPA and brominated phenols and their derivatives. The BFRs that are the subject of the current opinion, were classified in groups termed "emerging" and "novel" BFRs. Information on 17 emerging and 10 novel BFRs was collected. The information varied widely for these BFRs. There is a lack of experimental data on physico-chemical characteristics, stability/reactivity and current use and production volume of all the emerging and novel BFRs. Due to the very limited information on occurrence, exposure and toxicity, the CONTAM Panel could not perform a risk characterisation for any of the BFRs considered. Instead, an attempt was made to identify those BFRs that could be a potential health concern and should be considered first for future investigations. For this purpose the Panel first evaluated the available experimental data on occurrence in food, behaviour in the environment and toxicity. Secondly, a modelling exercise was performed focussing on the potential of the emerging and novel BFRs for persistence in the environment and for their possible bioaccumulation potential. There is convincing evidence that tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (TDBPP) and dibromoneopentyl glycol (DBNPG) are genotoxic and carcinogenic, warranting further surveillance of their occurrence in the environment and in food. Based on the limited experimental data on environmental behaviour, 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) and hexabromobenzene (HBB) were identified as compounds that could raise a concern for bioaccumulation. For the modelling exercise, the CONTAM Panel selected two environmental characteristics, overall persistence and potential for bioaccumulation, as being most relevant to provide insight into the possibility that emerging or novel BFRs The less well known and less studied BFRs, subject of the current opinion, were grouped into two classes, referred to herein as "emerging" and "novel" BFRs. Emerging BFRs are defined as chemicals which are applied as flame retardants and that have been identified in any environmental compartment, in wildlife, in food or in humans. It should be noted that the definition for the emerging BFRs, used in this opinion, does not imply that there is evidence for an increasing trend in the concentration of these BFRs in the environment, in food or in human samples. Novel BFRs are defined as chemicals applied as flame retardants, with confirmed presence in materials and/or goods in concentrations above 0.1 %, but not identified in environmental samples, wildlife, food or humans. In total, information on 27 BFRs, of which 17 were identified as "emerging" and 10 as "novel", was collected by the CONTAM Panel, and it was noted that the available information varied widely for the various individual BFRs.In general, there is a lack of experimental data on physico-chemical characteristics and stability/reactivity for all the emerging and novel BFRs. This sometimes hampered ...

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Section: Hazard Identificationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Hazard Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on Emerging and Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food

2012

EFS2

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“…The perbrominated hexabromobenzene is also extensively metabolized, but primarily to sulfur-containing metabolites. Debrominated and phenolic, but not guaiacol, metabolites have been reported (Koss et al, 1982;Yamaguchi et al, 1988).…”

Section: Fig 4 Tentative Structures Of Acetylated Phenolic Metabolimentioning

confidence: 99%

Decabromodiphenyl Ether in the Rat: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion

Mörck

Hakk²,

Örn³

et al. 2003

Drug Metab Dispos

176

151

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This article is available online at http://dmd.aspetjournals.org ABSTRACT:Among the group of polybrominated diphenyl ethers used as flame-retardants, the fully brominated diphenyl ether, decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE), is the most commonly used. Despite the large usage of decaBDE, neither the metabolic pathways nor the absorption have been addressed, and there are very few studies on its toxicology. In this work, it is shown that after a single oral dose of 14 C-labeled decaBDE to rats, at least 10% of the decaBDE dose is absorbed. The major excretion route in conventional rats is via feces that contained 90% of the decaBDE dose. The excretion in bile was close to 10% of the dose and represented mainly metabolites. It cannot be excluded that greater than 10% of the oral dose had been absorbed since 65% of the radioactivity excreted in feces was metabolites. The highest concentrations on a lipid weight basis were found in plasma and blood-rich tissues, and the adipose tissue had the lowest concentration of decaBDE. After derivatization of a phenolic fraction, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses indicated that metabolites with five to seven bromine atoms had formed, and they possessed a guaiacol structure (a hydroxy and a methoxy group) in one of the rings. In addition, traces of nonabrominated diphenyl ethers and monohydroxylated metabolites were found by GC/MS. Metabolites, characterized by their chemical properties, were interpreted to be covalently bound to macromolecules, either proteins or lipids. In addition, water solubility was suggested. The metabolic pathway was indicated to include a reactive intermediate.

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“…Thus, for tetrachlorobenzene, the ratios for the rate of excretion were approximately 20:5:1 for the 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,3,5-and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene isomers, respectively (191). In addition to oxidative hydroxylation via arene oxide, the metabolism of halogenated benzenes and naphthalenes, particularly the higher chlorinated and brominated compounds, may also involve direct oxidation and reductive dehalogenation (192).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 98%

Halogenated benzenes, naphthalenes, biphenyls and terphenyls in the environment: Their carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic potential and toxic effects^a

Lai¹

1984

Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part C: Environmen

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Metabolic fate of hexabromobenzene in rats

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Scientific Opinion on Emerging and Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food

Scientific Opinion on Emerging and Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food

Decabromodiphenyl Ether in the Rat: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion

Halogenated benzenes, naphthalenes, biphenyls and terphenyls in the environment: Their carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic potential and toxic effects^a

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Metabolic fate of hexabromobenzene in rats

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Scientific Opinion on Emerging and Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food

Scientific Opinion on Emerging and Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food

Decabromodiphenyl Ether in the Rat: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion

Halogenated benzenes, naphthalenes, biphenyls and terphenyls in the environment: Their carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic potential and toxic effectsa

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Halogenated benzenes, naphthalenes, biphenyls and terphenyls in the environment: Their carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic potential and toxic effects^a