Metabolic factors affecting the inflammatory response of periparturient dairy cows

Abstract

Dairy cattle are susceptible to increased incidence and severity of disease during the periparturient period. Increased health disorders have been associated with alterations in bovine immune mechanisms. Many different aspects of the bovine immune system change during the periparturient period, but uncontrolled inflammation is a dominant factor in several economically important disorders such as metritis and mastitis. In human medicine, the metabolic syndrome is known to trigger several key events that can initiate and promote uncontrolled systemic inflammation. Altered lipid metabolism, increased circulating concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and oxidative stress are significant contributing factors to systemic inflammation and the development of inflammatory-based diseases in humans. Dairy cows undergo similar metabolic adaptations during the onset of lactation, and it was postulated that some of these physiological events may negatively impact the magnitude and duration of inflammation. This review will discuss how certain types of fatty acids may promote uncontrolled inflammation either directly or through metabolism into potent lipid mediators. The relationship of increased lipid metabolism and oxidative stress to inflammatory dysfunction will be reviewed as well. Understanding more about the underlying cause of periparturient health disorders may facilitate the design of nutritional regimens that will meet the energy requirements of cows during early lactation and reduce the susceptibility to disease as a function of compromised inflammatory responses.

Relationship between milk yield, stage of lactation, and some blood serum metabolic parameters of dairy cows

“…Negative correlation between vitamin C with milk parameters might point to the increase of oxidative processes in high-yielding dairy cows (Sordillo et al, 2009).…”

“…Some earlier studies showed relationships between milk yield with level of cholesterol and vitamin C in milk and blood (Ling et al, 2003;Chládek et al, 2004;Sordillo et al, 2009;Strzałkowska et al, 2009a, b). However, information about associations between biochemical parameters in blood and milking traits of dairy cows with different level of productivity is still not complete.…”

Hematological Parameters in Cows in Early Lactation Treated with Ketoprofen and their Relationship with Lipid Mobilization and Ketogenesis

“…Some researchers demonstrated that elevated NEFA concentrations present positive risk factors for many proinflammatory diseases in dairy cows [5,10,25]. Also, during the transition period when NEFA concentration increase, dairy cows experience immune dysfunction that enhances their susceptibility to disease [3,11,23,25].…”

“…Also, during the transition period when NEFA concentration increase, dairy cows experience immune dysfunction that enhances their susceptibility to disease [3,11,23,25]. This suggests that perhaps inflammation underlies metabolic disturbances in obese dairy cows.…”

“…Increased circulating NEFA concentrations may presents positive risk factors for many inflammatory diseases in dairy cows [5,10,25,31] and can impaired lymphocyte function [11,19]. Also, the link between inflammatory diseases and metabolic responses around calving may be mediated through impaired neutrophil function [6,14].…”