Metabolic Enzyme Activities in Fish Gills as Biomarkers of Exposure to Petroleum Hydrocarbons

Metabolic Responses of Fish Following Exposure to Two Different Oil Spill Remediation Techniques

“…Ravindran (1988) found an increase in aerobic capacity, as measured by succinate dehydrogenase and a decrease in anaerobic capacity, as measured by LDH activity in ¹ilapia mossambica from waterborne exposure to toluene after 24 h. Research conducted on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, has found reductions in aerobic (citrate synthase) and anaerobic (LDH) capacity following exposure to Bass Strait crude oil and dispersed crude oil (Gagnon and Holdway, 1999). The treatments utilized in the present study were 80}160 times more concentrated than concentrations METABOLIC ENZYMES IN FISH AFTER EXPOSURE TO OIL utilized in the study of Gagnon and Holdway (1999), based on the percentage of dilutions chosen, which may indicate that high concentrations of hydrocarbons cause stimulation in aerobic and anaerobic capacities.…”

Biomarker responses in flounder Platichthys flesus from the Polish coastal area of the Baltic Sea and applications in biomonitoring

“…LDH plasma levels have been used in toxicology and clinical biochemistry to diagnose lesions at the cellular, tissue, and organ level (Asztalos et al 1990;Gupta et al 1991). Alterations of normal LDH activity patterns have already been found in several fish species collected from polluted areas or exposed in situ (Castro et al 2004;Gül et al 2004), in fish exposed to crude oil (Gagnon and Holdway 1999) or subjected to hypoxic conditions (Cooper et al 2002). The increased LDH and CK plasma activities observed in the present study may indicate that more intense metabolism in fish muscles took place (increased glycolysis and formation of creatine phosphate; Marks et al 1996;Brightman et al 1997).…”

Potential influence of confounding factors (size, salinity) on biomarkers in the sentinel species Scrobicularia plana used in programmes monitoring estuarine quality

“…Despite a salinity effect, Romero-Ruiz et al (2008) showed that in the Quadalquivir estuary, MT in S. plana was an efficient biomarker, able to reveal exposure to metals. LDH activity, as the terminal enzyme of anaerobic glycolysis, plays an important function in anaerobic metabolism (Gagnon and Holdway 1999;Diamantino et al 2001). Clams (S. plana) are able to maintain a working anaerobic metabolism under anoxia and hydrogen sulphide exposure (Oeschger and Pedersen 1994).…”