Metabolic engineering of soybean affords improved phytosterol seed traits

Neelakandan, Anjanasree K.; Chamala, S.; Valliyodan, Babu; Nes, W. David; Nguyen, Henry T.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00623.x

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…Whether the enzymes of L. infantum participate in stigmastanol synthesis, and whether the additional sterol reductase genes present in L. infantum over T. brucei are influential in the differential recognition of stigmastanol only in L. infantum , cannot be determined without further experimental evidence. ([ 37 ], trytrypdb.org).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of sterol synthesis during development of Leishmania spp. parasites to their virulent form

Yao

Wilson

2016

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundThe Leishmania spp. protozoa, the causative agents of the “neglected” tropical disease leishmaniasis, are transmitted to mammals by sand fly vectors. Within the sand fly, parasites transform from amastigotes to procyclic promastigotes, followed by development of virulent (metacyclic) promastigote forms. The latter are infectious to mammalian hosts. Biochemical components localized in the parasite plasma membrane such as proteins and sterols play a pivotal role in Leishmania pathogenesis. Leishmania spp. lack the enzymes for cholesterol synthesis, and the dynamics of sterol acquisition and biosynthesis in parasite developmental stages are not understood. We hypothesized that dynamic changes in sterol composition during metacyclogenesis contribute to the virulence of metacyclic promastigotes.MethodsSterols were extracted from logarithmic phase or metacyclic promastigotes grown in liquid culture with or without cholesterol, and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). TriTrypDB was searched for identification of genes involved in Leishmania sterol biosynthetic pathways.ResultsIn total nine sterols were identified. There were dynamic changes in sterols during promastigote metacyclogenesis. Cholesterol in the culture medium affected sterol composition in different parasite stages. There were qualitative and relative quantitative differences between the sterol content of virulent versus avirulent parasite strains. A tentative sterol biosynthetic pathway in Leishmania spp. promastigotes was identified.ConclusionsSignificant differences in sterol composition were observed between promastigote stages, and between parasites exposed to different extracellular cholesterol in the environment. These data lay the foundation for further investigating the role of sterols in the pathogenesis of Leishmania spp. infections.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1470-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of sterol synthesis during development of Leishmania spp. parasites to their virulent form

Yao

Wilson

2016

Parasites Vectors

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“…Genetic engineering entails a range of activities for the benefit of agriculture, such as creation of genetically modified (GM) or transgenic crops. A number of transgenic approaches have been explored for modifying the seed composition traits, including total oil (Lardizabal et al, 2008 ), protein (Schmidt et al, 2011 ), oleic acid (Haun et al, 2014 ), phytosterols (Neelakandan et al, 2012 ; Nguyen et al, 2013 ), tocopherols (Karunanandaa et al, 2005 ), and isoflavone (Yu et al, 2003 ). Marginal enhancement of total oil content was achieved by seed-specific expression of DGAT2 enzyme from oil accumulating fungi (Lardizabal et al, 2008 ).…”

Section: Genetic Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding Omics Resources for Improvement of Soybean Seed Composition Traits

et al. 2015

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Food resources of the modern world are strained due to the increasing population. There is an urgent need for innovative methods and approaches to augment food production. Legume seeds are major resources of human food and animal feed with their unique nutrient compositions including oil, protein, carbohydrates, and other beneficial nutrients. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) together with “omics” technologies have considerably strengthened soybean research. The availability of well annotated soybean genome sequence along with hundreds of identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with different seed traits can be used for gene discovery and molecular marker development for breeding applications. Despite the remarkable progress in these technologies, the analysis and mining of existing seed genomics data are still challenging due to the complexity of genetic inheritance, metabolic partitioning, and developmental regulations. Integration of “omics tools” is an effective strategy to discover key regulators of various seed traits. In this review, recent advances in “omics” approaches and their use in soybean seed trait investigations are presented along with the available databases and technological platforms and their applicability in the improvement of soybean. This article also highlights the use of modern breeding approaches, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genomic selection (GS), and marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS) for developing superior cultivars. A catalog of available important resources for major seed composition traits, such as seed oil, protein, carbohydrates, and yield traits are provided to improve the knowledge base and future utilization of this information in the soybean crop improvement programs.

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“…The food industry is currently facing the challenge of obtaining foods enriched with bioactive compounds while applying minimal processing [4,5]. In this context, the production of PS-enriched seeds may be a good option to increase PS in our diet simply through the intake of vegetable oils [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attempts of Physical Refining of Sterol-Rich Sunflower Press Oil to Obtain Minimally Processed Edible Oil

García-González

Velasco

et al. 2021

Foods

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New phytosterol (PS)-enriched sunflower seeds, which are higher in campesterol and ∆7-stigmastenol, have recently been developed. Crude oils obtained from these new sunflower seeds in 2015 and 2017 were used in this study. Oils extracted only by press (PO) and with subsequent solvent extraction (SO) were characterized. Physical refining (PhR) was used to obtain edible PO by minimal processing and to keep the PS levels as high as possible. Oils obtained by chemical processing were also studied for comparative purposes. Different bleaching treatments were examined to reduce the contents of phospholipids in the PO to levels required for PhR (<10 mg kg−1). Phosphorous levels in PO from 2015 (9–12 mg kg−1) were reduced to optimal levels by bleaching with 0.1% Trisyl and 1% Tonsil 278 FF. Contrarily, treatments with Trisyl and Tonsil (278 FF or 114 FF) were not sufficient to reduce the higher levels in PO from 2017 (15–36 mg/kg−1), thereby they were subjected to chemical refining (ChR). The PhR applied to PO from 2015 did not lead to substantial changes in the composition and total content of PS. In contrast, losses of up to approximately 30% of total PS were found owing to ChR, although the oils preserved their unique PS profiles.

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Metabolic engineering of soybean affords improved phytosterol seed traits

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Dynamics of sterol synthesis during development of Leishmania spp. parasites to their virulent form

Dynamics of sterol synthesis during development of Leishmania spp. parasites to their virulent form

Expanding Omics Resources for Improvement of Soybean Seed Composition Traits

Attempts of Physical Refining of Sterol-Rich Sunflower Press Oil to Obtain Minimally Processed Edible Oil

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