Metabolic Engineering of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for Enhanced β-Carotene and Lutein Production

Rathod, Jayant Pralhad; Vira, Chaitali; Lali, Arvind; Prakash, Gunjan

doi:10.1007/s12010-019-03194-9

Cited by 68 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The derivative strain, consisting of the mutant phytoene desaturase enzyme with increased desaturase activity, accumulated a higher amount of total carotenoids (32%) and astaxanthin (54%) compared to the parent strain. In a recent metabolic engineering study with Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the gene for phytoene-β-carotene synthase (pbs) from the red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous was cloned into pMS188 vector and nuclear transformed [39]. This derivative strain possesses the bifunctional enzyme with both phytoene synthase (psy) and lycopene cyclisation (lcy-b) activities.…”

Section: Engineering Of Biosynthetic Pathways In Microalgae For Luteimentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Microalgae for Potential Lutein Production

2020

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Lutein is particularly known to help maintain normal visual function by absorbing and attenuating the blue light that strikes the retina in our eyes. The effect of overexposure to blue light on our eyes due to the excessive use of electronic devices is becoming an issue of modern society due to insufficient dietary lutein consumption through our normal diet. There has, therefore, been an increasing demand for lutein-containing dietary supplements and also in the food industry for lutein supplementation in bakery products, infant formulas, dairy products, carbonated drinks, energy drinks, and juice concentrates. Although synthetic carotenoid dominates the market, there is a need for environmentally sustainable carotenoids including lutein production pathways to match increasing consumer demand for natural alternatives. Currently, marigold flowers are the predominant natural source of lutein. Microalgae can be a competitive sustainable alternative, which have higher growth rates and do not require arable land and/or a growth season. Currently, there is no commercial production of lutein from microalgae, even though astaxanthin and β-carotene are commercially produced from specific microalgal strains. This review discusses the potential microalgae strains for commercial lutein production, appropriate cultivation strategies, and the challenges associated with realising a commercial market share.

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Section: Engineering Of Biosynthetic Pathways In Microalgae For Luteimentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Microalgae for Potential Lutein Production

2020

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“…The scientific literature is rich with studies on the phenotypic and metabolic response of C. reinhardtii to different intensities and qualities of light. Specifically in terms of light intensity, studies have been conducted under low (10-100 μmol ph m − 2 ⋅s − 1 ) [20], moderate (100-700 μmol ph m − 2 ⋅s − 1 ) [31,32] or high (>700 μmol ph m − 2 ⋅s − 1 ) [11,33,34] light intensities. In recent years, studies with a focus on industrial applications such as the production of speciality chemicals or the expression of recombinant proteins have focused on moderate and high light intensities [11,33,34].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of illumination and trophic strategy on gene expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Sanchez-Tarre

Kiparissides

2021

Algal Research

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Microalgae are of substantial biotechnological interest due their polyphyletic nature which grants them access to a wide array of high-value metabolites. The inherent genetic diversity of microalgae combined with their metabolic plasticity when grown using different trophic and illumination strategies necessitate the establishment of a reference knowledge base. In the present study we present a detailed characterisation of the combined effects of wavelength selection and trophic strategy on the growth kinetics and gene expression profile of the model microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii grown under moderate to high light intensity (400 μmol ph m − 2 ⋅s − 1 ). The aim is twofold: (a) to establish a list of reliable housekeeping genes valid for quantitative comparisons across several combinations of different wavelengths and trophic strategies and (b) to enable the investigation of the response of central carbon metabolic pathways under these process conditions. White, blue and red light emitting diodes (LEDs) were used to grow pH controlled photo-and mixo-trophic cultures over a period of 136 h in batch mode. A panel of 10 candidate genes, along with biomass growth rate and pigment content were dynamically monitored across all conditions. Statistical analysis identified genes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase subunit α and photosystem I reaction centre subunit II) with less variability observed in their expression levels across the entirety of conditions evaluated compared to housekeeping genes often referred to in literature (receptor of activated protein kinase C and ribosomal protein (large subunit) 19). Further analysis of gene expression profiles revealed substantial differences in response to changes in both wavelength selection (upregulation of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit under red phototrophic growth) and trophic strategy (upregulation of malate synthase from phototrophic to mixotrophic conditions). The systematic approach used to establish reliable reference genes presented herein enables robust comparisons of cellular responses across different conditions to better understand algal metabolism and improve process performance.

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“…However, there are other microorganisms such as yeast (e.g., Candida utilis ) also which have been reported for their production. Genetic and metabolic engineering tools have widely been used to modulate microbial strains for improved production of desired flavonoids (Lee and Schmidt-Dannert 2002 ; Rathod et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Microalgae As a Source Of High-value Metabolites And Nutraceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of microalgae with high lipid content and their potential as sources of nutraceuticals

et al. 2022

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In the current global scenario, the world is under a serious dilemma due to the increasing human population, industrialization, and urbanization. The ever-increasing need for fuels and increasing nutritional problems have made a serious concern on the demand for nutrients and renewable and eco-friendly fuel sources. Currently, the use of fossil fuels is creating ecological and economic problems. Microalgae have been considered as a promising candidate for high-value metabolites and alternative renewable energy sources. Microalgae offer several advantages such as rapid growth rate, efficient land utilization, carbon dioxide sequestration, ability to cultivate in wastewater, and most importantly, they do not participate in the food crop versus energy crop dilemma or debate. An efficient microalgal biorefinery system for the production of lipids and subsequent byproduct for nutraceutical applications could well satisfy the need. But, the current microalgal cultivation systems for the production of lipids and nutraceuticals do not offer techno-economic feasibility together with energy and environmental sustainability. This review article has its main focus on the production of lipids and nutraceuticals from microalgae, covering the current strategies used for lipid production and the major high-value metabolites from microalgae and their nutraceutical importance. This review also provides insights on the future strategies for enhanced microalgal lipid production and subsequent utilization of microalgal biomass. Graphical abstract

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Metabolic Engineering of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for Enhanced β-Carotene and Lutein Production

Cited by 68 publications

References 35 publications

Marine Microalgae for Potential Lutein Production

Marine Microalgae for Potential Lutein Production

The effects of illumination and trophic strategy on gene expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Production of microalgae with high lipid content and their potential as sources of nutraceuticals

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