Metabolic Engineering for the Comprehensive Utilization of N,N-Dimethylformamide-Containing Wastewater

Abstract

N, N-dimethylformamide is frequently present in industrial wastewater and is environmentally detrimental. The current study aims to assess the utilization and biodegradation of N, N-dimethylformamide-containing wastewater to lessen the associated environmental load. Results show that addition of wastewater containing N, N-dimethylformamide to Trichoderma reesei fermentation media enhances cellulase production and facilitates cellulose hydrolysis. However, N, N-dimethylformamide is a cellulase enhancer that is not degraded during cellulase production in T. reesei fermentation and is retained in the N, Ndimethylformamide-enhanced cellulase solution. Indeed, the cellulosic sugar solution generated via lignocellulose hydrolysis with N, N-dimethylformamide-enhanced cellulase retains N, N-dimethylformamide. We further identified three core enzyme modules�N, N-dimethylformamidase, dimethylamine dehydrogenase, and methylamine dehydrogenase enzyme�which were inserted into Escherichia coli to develop metabolically engineered strains. These strains degraded N, N-dimethylformamide and produced succinate using N, N-dimethylformamide-enhanced cellulosic sugar as the substrate. The platform described here can be applied to effectively convert waste into valuable bioproducts.

Metabolic Engineering of Trichoderma reesei for l-Malic Acid Production

“…reesei as the expression host . Thus, it is generally considered as a safe host not only for the production of its natural enzymes but also for other harmless gene products . Recently, molecular tools for genetic engineering of T.…”

“…15 Thus, it is generally considered as a safe host not only for the production of its natural enzymes but also for other harmless gene products. 16 Recently, molecular tools for genetic engineering of T. reesei have been established. 17−19 However, apart from the abovementioned studies, metabolic engineering of T. reesei into a cell factory to produce organic acids (such as L-malic acid) has not been researched until now.…”