Metabolic Engineering for Microbial Production of Aromatic Amino Acids and Derived Compounds

Bongaerts, Johannes; Krämer, Marco; Müller, Ulrike; Raeven, Leon; Wubbolts, Marcel

doi:10.1006/mben.2001.0196

Cited by 265 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…Thus, they play an important role in plant development and in defense systems of land plants (Frey et al, 1997;Zhao et al, 2001). Aromatic amino acids are also essential as nutrients for human health and as raw materials for pharmaceutical development and industry (Bongaerts et al, 2001). Knowledge of the biosynthetic pathways for these amino acids may provide a basis for manipulation of their levels or those of aromatic secondary metabolites in land plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutation of a Rice Gene Encoding a Phenylalanine Biosynthetic Enzyme Results in Accumulation of Phenylalanine and Tryptophan

et al. 2008

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Two distinct biosynthetic pathways for Phe in plants have been proposed: conversion of prephenate to Phe via phenylpyruvate or arogenate. The reactions catalyzed by prephenate dehydratase (PDT) and arogenate dehydratase (ADT) contribute to these respective pathways. The Mtr1 mutant of rice (Oryza sativa) manifests accumulation of Phe, Trp, and several phenylpropanoids, suggesting a link between the synthesis of Phe and Trp. Here, we show that the Mtr1 mutant gene (mtr1-D) encodes a form of rice PDT with a point mutation in the putative allosteric regulatory region of the protein. Transformed callus lines expressing mtr1-D exhibited all the characteristics of Mtr1 callus tissue. Biochemical analysis revealed that rice PDT possesses both PDT and ADT activities, with a preference for arogenate as substrate, suggesting that it functions primarily as an ADT. The wild-type enzyme is feedback regulated by Phe, whereas the mutant enzyme showed a reduced feedback sensitivity, resulting in Phe accumulation. In addition, these observations indicate that rice PDT is critical for regulating the size of the Phe pool in plant cells. Feeding external Phe to wild-type callus tissue and seedlings resulted in Trp accumulation, demonstrating a connection between Phe accumulation and Trp pool size.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutation of a Rice Gene Encoding a Phenylalanine Biosynthetic Enzyme Results in Accumulation of Phenylalanine and Tryptophan

et al. 2008

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“…It has various biological effects in humans and other animals, including sleep-inducing, antidepressant, and calmative activities. 1) Its biosynthetic pathway has been well studied in various organisms, and there are many reports on its production in microbes or plants through metabolic engineering. 2,3) In plants, tryptophan biosynthesis is strictly controlled; anthranilate synthase, the first committed enzyme, is feedback-inhibited by micromolar concentrations of tryptophan, resulting in low levels of soluble tryptophan.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tryptophan Boost Caused by Senescence Occurred Independently of Cytoplasmic Glutamine Synthetase

Lee

Kang

Kim

et al. 2010

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…Similarly, aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (Asd) is a key enzyme of the aspartate biosynthetic pathway responsible for the synthesis of threonine, isoleucine, methionine, and lysine as well as of primary metabolites (47). The biosynthesis activities of these two metabolic pathways can be repressed to various degrees by the amino acids produced (negative feedback) but also by regulating the formation of the enzymes at a transcriptional level (45,48,49). The derepression of aroA and asd transcription when the severity of heat treatment increased suggests that heated cells required more essential amino acids to either renew the pool of damaged proteins or to overcome amino acid depletion in the growth medium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Genome Transcriptional Analysis of Escherichia coli during Heat Inactivation Processes Related to Industrial Cooking

Guernec

Robichaud-Rincon

Saucier

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Escherichia coli K-12 was grown to the stationary phase, for maximum physiological resistance, in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at 37°C. Cells were then heated at 58°C or 60°C to reach a process lethality value (F o 70 10 ) of 2 or 3 or to a core temperature of 71°C (control industrial cooking temperature). Growth recovery and cell membrane integrity were evaluated immediately after heating, and a global transcription analysis was performed using gene expression microarrays. Only cells heated at 58°C with F o ‫؍‬ 2 were still able to grow on liquid or solid BHI broth after heat treatment. However, their transcriptome did not differ from that of bacteria heated at 58°C with F o ‫؍‬ 3 (P value for the false discovery rate [P-FDR] > 0.01), where no growth recovery was observed posttreatment. Genome-wide transcriptomic data obtained at 71°C were distinct from those of the other treatments without growth recovery. Quantification of heat shock gene expression by real-time PCR revealed that dnaK and groEL mRNA levels decreased significantly above 60°C to reach levels similar to those of control cells at 37°C (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, despite similar levels of cell inactivation measured by growth on BHI media after heating, 132 and 8 genes were differentially expressed at 71°C compared to 58°C and 60°C at F o ‫؍‬ 3, respectively (P-FDR < 0.01). Among them, genes such as aroA, citE, glyS, oppB, and asd, whose expression was upregulated at 71°C, may be worth investigating as good biomarkers for accurately determining the efficiency of heat treatments, especially when cells are too injured to be enumerated using growth media.

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Metabolic Engineering for Microbial Production of Aromatic Amino Acids and Derived Compounds

Cited by 265 publications

References 88 publications

Mutation of a Rice Gene Encoding a Phenylalanine Biosynthetic Enzyme Results in Accumulation of Phenylalanine and Tryptophan

Mutation of a Rice Gene Encoding a Phenylalanine Biosynthetic Enzyme Results in Accumulation of Phenylalanine and Tryptophan

Tryptophan Boost Caused by Senescence Occurred Independently of Cytoplasmic Glutamine Synthetase

Whole-Genome Transcriptional Analysis of Escherichia coli during Heat Inactivation Processes Related to Industrial Cooking

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