Metabolic disturbances connecting obesity and depression

Hryhorczuk, Cécile; Sharma, Sandeep; Fulton, Stephanie

doi:10.3389/fnins.2013.00177

Cited by 243 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 217 publications

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“…Chronic activation of pulsatile GC release in response to stress can alter the circadian release of GCs, and this aberrant regulation of the HPA axis has been identified as a common pathway in both metabolic and neuropsychiatric syndromes, such as diabetes, obesity, and mood disorders [83,86]. Abdominal obesity is associated with abnormal diurnal variation of GC release, with increased basal and stress-induced GC levels [87]. Similarly, MDD patients often display hypercortisolism [88] and hyperglycemia [89].…”

Section: The Stress System: Glucocorticoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it has been proposed that leptin´s negative feedback on the HPA axis and subsequent downregulation of cortisol hyper-reactivity may have an antidepressant effect in animal models [94] and in humans [99,100]. Dysfunctional leptin activity at its midbrain and hypothalamic receptors may therefore contribute to the comorbidity of obesity and mood disorders [87]. Because the circadian clock coordinates both leptin release and activity of the HPA axis, disturbances of circadian rhythms may well contribute to co-morbid metabolic and psychiatric disorders by changing energy expenditure and food intake patterns as well as the ability to react appropriately to stress [84].…”

Section: Interaction Of the Hpa Axis With Leptinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circadian Clocks as Modulators of Metabolic Comorbidity in Psychiatric Disorders

Barandas

Landgraf

McCarthy

et al. 2015

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder are often accompanied by metabolic dysfunction symptoms, including obesity and diabetes. Since the circadian system controls important brain systems that regulate affective, cognitive, and metabolic functions, and neuropsychiatric and metabolic diseases are often correlated with disturbances of circadian rhythms, we hypothesize that dysregulation of circadian clocks plays a central role in metabolic comorbidity in psychiatric disorders. In this review paper, we highlight the role of circadian clocks in glucocorticoid, dopamine, and orexin/melanin-concentrating hormone systems, and describe how a dysfunction of these clocks may contribute to the simultaneous development of psychiatric and metabolic symptoms.3

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Section: The Stress System: Glucocorticoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interaction Of the Hpa Axis With Leptinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Clocks as Modulators of Metabolic Comorbidity in Psychiatric Disorders

Barandas

Landgraf

McCarthy

et al. 2015

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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“…These include: Dépression [132][133][134] Schizophrenia, -mood and anxiety disorders have been implicated in obesity and overweight according to published studies. [134][135][136] c. Appetite and satiety center dysfunction in brain: The brain also plays a role in obesity problem.…”

Section: B Mental Health and Psychiatric Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Obesity, Presumed and Proven Causes and Prevention Strategies: A Review

Uzogara¹

2016

AOWMC

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The obesity epidemic has been widespread in many countries, and has several adverse consequences. So many factors, some probable, others verified and documented, are known to contribute to the obesity problem in developed and developing countries. Nutritionists and other health professionals need to be skilled in understanding these various causes and their health implications. They should also be able to assess excessive body weight in clinical and other settings. Armed with this knowledge, health professionals should therefore be able to advise consumers and clients struggling with weight management on cost-effective preventive strategies to prevent or reduce incidence of obesity. In addition, nutritionists should be able to advise food manufacturers to make and market healthy food products. This paper will address the growing concern on obesity epidemic by reviewing the presumed and published or proven causes of obesity and the various methods for measurement of obesity. Strategies for preventing obesity will also be discussed. Such strategies would include health education, lifestyle changes, physical activity, diet and behaviour modifications as well as reading food labels and proper food selection. Preventive strategies for obesity and overweight when properly implemented are very cost effective especially at personal and community levels and will ensure good health and wellness in many populations. Keywords IntroductionObesity and overweight trends have reached epidemic proportions in many countries [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], and have serious health and socio-economic consequences. In addition, obesity has negative medical, psychological and quality of life consequences, drains health care resources and reduces life expectancy. The International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and WHO project that obesity rates worldwide would increase very significantly by 2025 unless appropriate intervention is taken [8,9]. In the USA, between 2011 & 2012, the percent of US adults aged 20 years and above who are obese was reported to be 35.1 %, while the percent of US adults who had excess body weight (overweight and obesity)in the same period was 69.0% according to published reports [2,10]. Obesity and related chronic diseases are no longer a problem of affluent countries alone, as poor developing countries, middle income countries or countries undergoing economic transition, are also affected by the epidemic [4,[6][7][8]. Global, national and state public health agencies as well as their nutritionists, researchers and educators have raised awareness or taken immediate action to arrest the increasing weight trends and obesity in adults, the youth and children [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Despite the high prevalence of obesity in many parts of the world, segments of populations (such as geriatric, very sick people, preschool children, pregnant & lactating women) suffer from underweight [7,[17][18][19]. In some developing countries, various types of unhealthy weight such as obesity, overweight and underweight, can coexist...

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“…HFHS diet consumption in both human and rodent has been associated with the progressive loss in spontaneous locomotor activity, and it has been shown that an acute reduction in locomotor activity is a major contributor to western diet-induced obesity in mice (Bjursell et al, 2008). Moreover HFHS diet were also link to the establishment of an addictive-like reward dysfunction and compulsive eating in obese rats (Johnson and Kenny, 2010) and depressive like behaviour (Hryhorczuk et al, 2013). Interestingly, obesityassociated cognitive impairment can be improved by selective lowering of circulating triglyceride (TG) (Farr et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesolimbic lipid sensing and the regulation of feeding behaviour

Cansell

Luquet²

2015

OCL

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-In both developed and emerging countries, sedentary life style and over exposition to high energy dense foods has led to a thermodynamic imbalance and consequently obesity. Despite genetic predisposition, obesity often involves a behavioral component in which, similar to drugs of abuse, compulsive consumption of palatable food rich in lipids and sugar drives energy intake far beyond metabolic demands. Food intake is modulated by sensory inputs, such as tastes and odours, as well as by affective or emotional states. The mesolimbic pathway is well established as a main actor of the rewarding aspect of feeding. Particularly, the hedonic and motivational aspects of food are closely tied to the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) in striatal structure such as the Nucleus Accumbens (Nacc). In both rodent and humans several studies shows an attenuated activity of dopaminergic signal associated with obesity and there is evidence that consumption of palatable food per se leads to DA signalling alterations. Furthermore impaired cognition in obese mice is improved by selectively lowering triglycerides (TG) and intracerebroventricular administration of TG induces by itself acquisition impairment in several cognitive paradigms in normal body weight mice. Together, these observations raise the possibility that nutritional lipids, particularly TG, directly affect cognitive and reward processes by modulating the mesolimbic pathway and might contribute to the downward spiral of compulsive consumption of palatable and obesity. This review is an attempt to capture recent evolution in the field that might point toward a direct action of nutritional lipid in the mesolimbic pathway.Keywords: Obesity / tryglicerides / feeding behavior / reward / lipoprotein lipase Résumé -La détection des lipides par le système mésolimbique et la régulation des comportements alimentaires. Dans les pays développés et en voie de développement la sédentarisation des populations et la surexposition aux nourritures riche en énergie conduisent à la mise en place d'un déséquilibre énergétique et à l'obésité. Bien qu'il existe des prédispositions génétiques, l'obésité implique souvent des comportements compulsifs face à la nourriture, similaires aux drogues d'abus, qui entraînent une consommation de nourriture supérieure aux besoins éner-gétiques de l'organisme. L'hypothalamus est le premier site d'intégration des facteurs circulants qui reflètent le statut énergétique de l'organisme, il est donc considéré comme un des acteurs principaux dans la régulation centrale de la balance énergétique. Cependant, la prise alimentaire est également régulée par des facteurs sensoriels ou affectifs et le système mesolimbique est reconnu pour être un des systèmes majeurs dans la régulation de récompense associée à la prise alimentaire. Plus spécifiquement, les aspects motivationnels et hédoniques de la prise alimentaire sont étroitement liés à la libération de dopamine (DA) notamment dans le noyau accumbens. Plusieurs études montrent qu'à la fois chez l'...

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Metabolic disturbances connecting obesity and depression

Cited by 243 publications

References 217 publications

Circadian Clocks as Modulators of Metabolic Comorbidity in Psychiatric Disorders

Circadian Clocks as Modulators of Metabolic Comorbidity in Psychiatric Disorders

Assessment of Obesity, Presumed and Proven Causes and Prevention Strategies: A Review

Mesolimbic lipid sensing and the regulation of feeding behaviour

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