Metabolic disorders in severe abdominal sepsis: Glutamine deficiency in skeletal muscle

Roth, Erich; Funovics, J.; Mühlbacher, F.; Schemper, M.; Mauritz, W; Sporn, Peter H. S.; Fritsch, A.

doi:10.1016/0261-5614(82)90004-8

Cited by 289 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In this line, amino acids metabolism is characterized by low concentrations of muscle glutamine and high levels of the branched chain amino acids, indicating an inhibited intracellular glutamine formation in muscle tissue (Roth et al 1982). The intracellular glutamine depletion in muscles occurs very early during ICU stay, and it seems to be constant over time (Gamrin et al 1996).…”

Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, if a conditional deficiency occurs, critically ill patients should obtain some benefit with its exogenous replacement (Roth et al 1982, Planas et al 1993, Oudemans-van Straaten et al 2001. In fact, studies have demonstrated that Gln supplemented nutrition reduced the clinical complications of these patients (Wischmeyer et al 2001, Ziegler et al 2005, Déchelotte et al 2006, Tang et al 2007).…”

Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During acute illnesses patients experience nutritional depletion that is correlated to low plasma and low mucosal glutamine concentrations (Oudemans-van Straaten et al 2001). Such deficiencies are common among hospitalized patients and are associated with an increased risk of developing infectious complications, organ failure, and death (Roth et al 1982, Planas et al 1993.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the mechanisms of glutamine action in critically ill patients

Oliveira

Dias

Pelosi

et al. 2010

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Glutamine (Gln) is an important energy source and has been used as a supplementary energy substrate. Furthermore, Gln is an essential component for numerous metabolic functions, including acid-base homeostasis, gluconeogenesis, nitrogen transport and synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. Therefore, glutamine plays a significant role in cell homeostasis and organ metabolism. This article aims to review the mechanisms of glutamine action during severe illnesses. In critically ill patients, the increase in mortality was associated with a decreased plasma Gln concentration. During catabolic stress, Gln consumption rate exceeds the supply, and both plasma and skeletal muscle pools of free Gln are severely reduced. The dose and route of Gln administration clearly influence its effectiveness: high-dose parenteral appears to be more beneficial than low-dose enteral administration. Experimental studies reported that Gln may protect cells, tissues, and whole organisms from stress and injury through the following mechanisms: attenuation of NF (nuclear factor)-κB activation, a balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, reduction in neutrophil accumulation, improvement in intestinal integrity and immune cell function, and enhanced of heat shock protein expression. In conclusion, high-doses of parenteral Gln (>0.50 g/kg/day) demonstrate a greater potential to benefit in critically ill patients, although Gln pathophysiological mechanisms requires elucidation.

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Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Understanding the mechanisms of glutamine action in critically ill patients

Oliveira

Dias

Pelosi

et al. 2010

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…23,24 During injury or stress, intracellular glutamine concentration falls by 40-50% (approximately 14 g of free glutamine) in uncomplicated cases 25,26 and does not return to normal levels for as long as 30 days after injury. 27,28 The extent of glutamine depletion has been correlated with an increased incidence of mortality. 27,28 Animal studies have shown that the GI mucosal breakdown produced by radiation and chemotherapy can be prevented by enteral or parenteral administration of glutamine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27,28 The extent of glutamine depletion has been correlated with an increased incidence of mortality. 27,28 Animal studies have shown that the GI mucosal breakdown produced by radiation and chemotherapy can be prevented by enteral or parenteral administration of glutamine. Klimberg et al 29 demonstrated that rats fed a diet poor in glutamine develop edema and ulceration of their GI tract with loss of villi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%