Metabolic Diseases

McArt, J.A.A.; Divers, Thomas J.; Peek, Simon F.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-39055-2.00015-2

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Since the goodness of fit (coefficient of determination) drastically decreases when adding the data after the third day of parturition to the regression equation, we recommended estimating the blood Ca concentration using the ECG variables for cows on days 0-2 postpartum. Hypocalcemia in dairy cows mainly occurs from 1 day prepartum to 2 days postpartum, especially at 0 days [21]. We considered that hypocalcemia could be mostly detected by inspection in cows at 0-2 days postpartum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the blood concentration of Ca decreases. Initial clinical signs are restlessness and anorexia, and in severe cases, cows can experience recumbency, lose consciousness, and may die [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plot diagram used to create the estimation formula was widely dispersed in the high Ca region, and the estimated Ca value tended to be lower than the measured value in the high Ca region [14]. Because actual parturient hypocalcemia occurs within 72 hr postpartum [21] and there are factors other than blood Ca concentration that change the ECG [16,20], we considered that factors other than blood Ca concentration affected the ECG with the passage of postpartum days, which contributes to the wide dispersion of plots in the high Ca region. In addition, because there are factors other than STc −1 that are related to the detection of hypocalcemia [7,8,23], it is highly possible that the blood Ca concentration can be estimated more accurately using multiple regression analysis than with simple regression analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving the accuracy of estimating blood calcium concentration in Holstein cows using electrocardiographic variables

Itoh

Nakajima

Kuwano

et al. 2022

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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We previously reported the possibility of using the electrocardiogram variable to estimate blood calcium (Ca) concentration in dairy cows based on the strong positive correlation between the blood Ca concentration and the inverse of the corrected ST peak interval (STc −1 ).To improve the accuracy of the estimation of blood Ca concentration, we investigated the relationship between blood Ca concentration and STc −1 for each postpartum day and available variables other than STc −1 . We measured multiple variables (milk yield, calving number, age, body temperature, etc.), including serum total Ca concentration (tCa), blood ionized Ca concentration (iCa) and STc −1 in 462 Holstein cows on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 postpartum. A very high correlation was observed between iCa and tCa. The association between tCa and STc −1 for each postpartum day had a high coefficient of determination of 0.61-0.79 postpartum 0-2 days but decreased after the third day. In the investigation using the data from postpartum days 0-2, STc −1 , heart rate interval, calving number, and age were highly correlated with tCa.In addition, a multiple regression equation was obtained with tCa as the objective variable and STc −1 and calving number as explanatory variables. The estimation accuracy was improved as compared with the simple regression equation using only STc −1 as the explanatory variable. This multiple regression equation was used for 11 cows suspected of having hypocalcemia, and it was able to correctly detect cows requiring early treatment, except for one cow.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving the accuracy of estimating blood calcium concentration in Holstein cows using electrocardiographic variables

Itoh

Nakajima

Kuwano

et al. 2022

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Obturator nerve injury was also observed among peripheral traumas. This condition usually occurs at the time of calving, where the calf with distortion, fetal pelvic disproportion, and excessive or prolonged traction during restraint can cause compression of this nerve that runs along the inner part of the pelvis (32,33) .…”

Section: Traumasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases with neurological manifestations diagnosed in cattle in the hospital routine: a retrospective epidemiological study (2009-2019)

Souza,

Soares,

Conceição

et al. 2023

Ciênc. anim. bras.

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Neurological disorders in cattle comprise a group of economically relevant diseases with high occurrence and mortality. In this way, the objective was to carry out an epidemiological study of the diseases with neurological manifestations in cattle admitted (alive or dead) to the Garanhuns Bovine Clinic/Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (CBG/UFRPE) from January 2009 to December 2019. Epidemiological information was collected from the clinical records regarding the age group, rearing system, time of year, and area of origin of the animals. The diseases were grouped into categories according to their origin: toxic or toxi-infectious, viral, traumatic/physical, parasitic, metabolic degenerative, bacterial, neoplastic, and others. A total of 6103 cattle were treated during the study period, of which 604 (10.1%) were diagnosed with diseases that had neurological manifestations. Of these, 331 cases were of single occurrence, and 231 cases occurred as outbreaks in the herd. Death was the outcome in almost 80% of the cases (465/596). The frequencies of the different categories were toxic or toxi-infectious (25.2%), viral (21.5%), traumatic/physical (13.6%), parasitic (9.8%), metabolic (9.3%), degenerative (2.3%), bacterial (2.2%), neoplastic (1.2%), and others (1.2%). It was found that almost half of the animals were older than 24 months (229/475), almost 80% were females, more than 60% were submitted to a semi-intensive to intensive rearing system, and the occurrence of disease was higher during the dry period of the year (363/614). The three most frequent neurological diseases in this study were rabies, trauma, and botulism.

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“…A lesão do nervo obturador também foi observada entre os traumas periféricos. Esta condição ocorre geralmente no momento do parto, onde o bezerro com distorcia, desproporção feto pélvica, tração excessiva ou prolongada durante a contenção pode ocasionar a compressão deste nervo que passa ao longo da parte interna da pelve (32,33) .…”

Section: Traumasunclassified

Enfermidades com manifestações neurológicas diagnosticadas em bovinos na rotina hospitalar: estudo epidemiológico retrospectivo (2009-2019)

Souza,

Soares,

Conceição

et al. 2023

Ciênc. anim. bras.

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Resumo Os distúrbios neurológicos em bovinos abrangem um grupo de enfermidades economicamente relevantes de elevada ocorrência e mortalidade. Desta forma, objetivou-se realizar um estudo epidemiológico das enfermidades que cursaram com manifestações neurológicas que deram entrada (vivos ou mortos) na Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns/Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco no período de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2019. Nos prontuários clínicos, foram coletadas informaçõe epidemiológicas referentes ao sexo; a faixa etária; ao sistema de criação, época do ano e a área de procedência dos animais. As doenças foram agrupadas em categorias de acordo com sua origem: tóxica ou toxi-infecciosa, viral, traumática, parasitária, degenerativa, metabólica, bacteriana, neoplásica e outras. Um total de 6103 bovinos foram atendidos no período estudado, dos quais 604 (10,1 %) foram diagnosticados com enfermidades que cursaram com manifestações neurológicas. Destes, 331 casos foram de ocorrência individual, 231 casos cursaram como surtos no rebanho. Quase 80% dos casos (465/596) teve o óbito como desfecho. As frequências das distintas categoria foram tóxica ou toxi-infecciosa (25,2%), viral (21,5%), traumática/física (13,6%), parasitária (9,8%), metabólica (9,3%, degenerativa (2,3%), bacteriana (2,2%), neoplásica (1,2%), outras (1,2%). Verificou-se que quase metade dos animais apresentavam idade superior a 24 meses (229/475), quase 80% eram fêmeas, mais de 60% eram submetidos a um sistema de criação de semi-intensivo a intensivo e a ocorrência foi maior durante o período seco do ano (363/614). As três enfermidades com manifestações neurológicas de maior ocorrência neste estudo foram a raiva, os traumatismos e o botulismo.

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Metabolic Diseases

Cited by 3 publications

References 72 publications

Improving the accuracy of estimating blood calcium concentration in Holstein cows using electrocardiographic variables

Improving the accuracy of estimating blood calcium concentration in Holstein cows using electrocardiographic variables

Diseases with neurological manifestations diagnosed in cattle in the hospital routine: a retrospective epidemiological study (2009-2019)

Enfermidades com manifestações neurológicas diagnosticadas em bovinos na rotina hospitalar: estudo epidemiológico retrospectivo (2009-2019)

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